README: Dataset supporting “A standardised Digital Twin design framework for transport system decarbonisation” Version: v02 Date prepared: 2026-07-28 GENERAL INFORMATION Dataset title: Dataset supporting “A standardised Digital Twin design framework for transport system decarbonisation” Dataset description: This deposit contains the complete curated analytical dataset supporting the related article. It includes a 112-publication registry, literature methodology classifications, ISO 23247-aligned entity mappings, and consolidated Delphi workshop concepts used to develop and validate a Digital Twin reference architecture for transport decarbonisation. The deposited tables are consolidated outputs derived from more than 10,000 coded literature records, framework elements, methodological classifications and workshop inputs. Duplicates, ineligible records and not-applicable material were removed during consolidation. Keywords: Digital Twin; Internet of Things; embedded systems; intelligent transportation systems; decarbonisation; cyber-physical systems; ISO 23247; Delphi method; systematic literature review Creator and public contact: Maryam Farsi Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom Email: maryam.farsi@cranfield.ac.uk Role: data curation, methodology, investigation, conceptualisation, validation, visualisation, project administration and writing. Funding: TransiT Research Hub, supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), grant EP/Z533221/1; Centre for Digital and Design Engineering at Cranfield University. Dates and locations: - Literature search coverage: publications available through 2026-03. - Delphi consultation: 2024-10 to 2025-06. - Delphi panel: ten experts from three UK institutions. - Workshop input platform: Miro, followed by consolidation in Excel. - Language: English. RELATED PUBLICATION Farsi, M., Namoano, B., Latsou, C., Alquraan, M., Utomo, D., Taha, A., Erkoyuncu, J. A., Flynn, D., & Greening, P. (2026). A standardised Digital Twin design framework for transport system decarbonisation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 149, 107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2026.107714 METHODS AND PROVENANCE Research design: The study used a multi-method qualitative design comprising secondary data collection through a systematic literature review, primary data collection through a Delphi consultation, digital-methodology mapping, framework development, verification and validation, and formulation of insights and recommendations. Systematic literature review: The review followed PRISMA guidance. Scopus was used as the principal database because of its multidisciplinary coverage. The search combined title terms for digital twins, digital shadows, digital threads, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things and embedded systems with framework/design terms and transport-domain terms. English-language articles, conference papers and book chapters were included in Engineering, Computer Science, Decision Science, Mathematics, Energy, and Physics and Astronomy. No publication-year limit was applied, and documents published through March 2026 were considered. The initial search returned 919 records and five additional records were included during search validation. Title and abstract screening reduced the set to 340 records. A refined screening reduced it to 205 records. Following eligibility checking, PDF availability, duplicate removal and full-text relevance review, 112 publications were included in the final synthesis. Delphi consultation: A three-stage Delphi study was conducted between October 2024 and June 2025 with ten experts from three UK institutions. The rounds addressed: (1) initial framework review; (2) refinement of ISO 23247 entity mappings; and (3) assessment of completeness, terminology and transport-sector relevance. The panel included senior academics, early-career researchers and technical specialists with expertise in digital engineering, AI, autonomous transport, cyber-physical systems, infrastructure monitoring, sustainable mobility and transport analytics. Inputs were collected using Miro and consolidated in Excel. Interpretation and categorisation questions were resolved through iterative author review and discussion. Relationship between the deposited data and the larger working corpus: This deposit is the complete curated analytical dataset underlying the paper. The paper's reference to more than 10,000 inputs covers the combined volume of coded literature records, extracted framework elements, methodology classifications and workshop-derived inputs. The deposited files are smaller consolidated tables produced after duplicate, ineligible and not-applicable material was removed. The original Miro workspace and the detailed, unstructured literature-extraction working files are retained by the research team but are not included in this deposit. Ethics, consent and confidentiality: The research was conducted under Cranfield University Ethical Approval. The approval reference was not supplied in the deposit documentation. Participants consented to their contributions being used in research and to anonymised workshop outputs being published openly. Expert codes and general professional characteristics were considered sufficiently anonymised. The deposited dataset contains no confidential, commercially sensitive, directly identifying or indirectly identifying information. Rights review: The dataset contains no copied abstracts, figures, tables, long quotations or substantial passages from third-party publications. QUALITY ASSURANCE - The systematic review followed PRISMA reporting. - The architecture was cross-checked against the reviewed literature and ISO 23247. - Three Delphi rounds were used to review relevance, completeness and terminology. - The public workbook was reconstructed from values only. - Encoding errors, non-breaking spaces, zero-width characters and surrounding whitespace were cleaned. - Transport categories were harmonised to the manuscript groupings. - Clear bibliographic inconsistencies were corrected against the related manuscript. - Samak et al. (2024a) and Samak et al. (2024b) were disambiguated by title. - A 112-publication registry and methodology crosswalk were added. - The quality_log worksheet documents residual source-table limitations. AUTHORITATIVE PUBLICATION LIST AND TABLE LINKAGE dt_publication_registry_v02.csv is the authoritative 112-publication list for this deposit. It is derived from the full-title ISO mapping table, with clear corrections made against the related manuscript. publication_id links the publication registry, the ISO mapping table and the publication crosswalk. method_record_id is local to the methodology table. A publication_id is supplied where a reliable match to the registry was established. Two source methodology rows have no registry match and are retained transparently. Two registry publications have no matched methodology row. These cases are recorded in the crosswalk and quality log. Do not join the literature tables by row position. FILES IN THIS DATASET dt_framework_public.xlsx Human-readable workbook containing metadata, publication registry, crosswalk, methodology classifications, ISO mappings, Delphi workshop data, data dictionary and quality log. dt_publication_registry.csv Authoritative 112-publication registry. dt_literature_method.csv Literature methodology classifications. Contains 112 source methodology rows. dt_literature_iso.csv ISO 23247-aligned entity mappings for the 112-publication registry. dt_delphi_items.csv Normalised long-form representation of 299 consolidated Delphi workshop items. checksums_sha256.txt SHA-256 checksums for the individual deposit files. MISSING-VALUE CONVENTIONS - A blank methodology field means: Not reported. - A blank ISO/entity-mapping field means: No relevant entity identified. - A blank Delphi field means: No item was recorded. - Blank values never mean zero. FILE NAMING AND VERSIONING Pattern: dt_[content]_[version].[extension] Use lower-case letters, numbers and underscores. The release version is v02. Increase the version when data or documentation change and record the change below. ACCESS, LICENCE AND CITATION Access: Fully open immediately. Licence: Select a repository-supported data licence in the university repository deposit form. Recommended citation: Farsi, M. (2026). Dataset supporting “A standardised Digital Twin design framework for transport system decarbonisation” (Version v02). Cranfield University data repository. DOI: [assigned on deposit]. Persistent identifier: To be assigned by the university repository.