General information
Title of dataset: Data set for the study,Water Services Provision in Rapidly Urbanising Villages: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Governance in Mumbai and Chennai regions in India
>  Date and location of data collection- 2024-03-21 to 2024-03-28 in Chennai region in India, and from 2024-04-17 to 2024-04-17 in Mumbai region in India.
> Keywords: Peri-urban; governance; drinking water supply 
> Author 
Name: Renjitha Maniyil Haridasan 
ORCID: 0009-0001-9196-9735
Institution and Theme: Cranfield University, FEAS
Address: PhD student, Cranfield University, College Road,
                             Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL
Email- renjitha.haridasan@cranfield.ac.uk

> Author/supervisor 
Name: Dr Alison Parker 
ORCID: 0000-0001-7370-6758
Institution and Theme: Cranfield University, FEAS
Address: Reader in International Water and Sanitation, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL
Email- a.parker@cranfield.ac.uk

> Author/supervisor information
            Name: Dr May Sule
ORCID: 0000-0002-1241-4812
Institution and Theme: Cranfield University, FEAS
Address: Lecturer in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Cranfield Water Science Institute ,Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL
Email- May.Sule@cranfield.ac.uk

> Funding source: This work was supported by UK Research and Innovations(UKRI), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC) funding(Grant number EP/S022066/1) 
Methodological information: 
> Description of methods for data collection or generation and data processing

* Data on drinking water services were collected through household surveys in three types of towns at different stages of transition from rural to urban areas, spread across two metropolitan regions in India: Mumbai and Chennai.

* Data processing: To determine if the governance mechanism in town types influences water service variables, descriptive statistics analysis and  hypothesis testing was conducted. In the case of quantitative variables, a Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to investigate the effect of town types/settlement types on these variables, while a Chi-square test was used to examine whether there is an association between town type/settlement type and the nominal variables.

* The analysis was conducted using IBM Corp. (2022). IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac (Version 29.0) [Computer software] IBM Corp, a quantitative data analysis software.

      
> Experimental conditions N/A

* QA procedures- Data were collected by conducting household surveys using Qualtrics software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT), an e-survey platform that allowed consistency in the data collected across six towns. Data were collected by engaging an agency, and training was provided to the enumerators by the primary researcher. Spot checking was conducted by the researcher, and the online data collection platform enabled real-time verification of entries made, thereby eliminating non-feasible data. Data was transferred into spreadsheets in MS Excel, and text entries were reviewed for typographical errors and examined to identify inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Inconsistencies found in individual variables or contradictory entries across variables within a household were excluded from analysis after sense-checking.

Sharing and access information: 
> Licenses and restrictions if appropriate-Creative Common License
> Links to publications that cite or use the data-N/A
> Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data -N/A
> Recommended citation for the data -To follow once published
File name structure and file format
* Structure: Provide the template you are using for your filenames
Year in which data was collected(YYYY)_region the data pertains to_analysis done using the data.csv
* Attributes: Describe the attributes used to name the files
Year of data collection, metropolitan region from where data was collected and the analysis conducted using that data set
* Codes: 
CT-Census Town.  The Census of India identifies villages with urban characteristics, 	including a minimum population of 5,000 and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometer, where at least 75% of the male main working force is engaged in non-agricultural activities, as Census towns.

* Town types in the study: 
i. Young CT- Young Census Town, a CT that was classified as a CT only in 2011 in the last census, indicating a more recent transition, is referred to as a 'young CT , and it is under rural governance. 

* ii. Old CT- Old Census Town, a CT identified as such in the 2001 census, representing an advanced stage of rural-to-urban transition, is referred to as an 'old CT' in the study, and it is under rural governance.

            iii. ST- Statutory Town, a town under urban governance.

* Settlement type in the study:
i.Apartment- Apartments are a distinct feature of urban and peri-urban areas, referring to multi-storeyed residential buildings or  gated communities,  as they are commonly known, that accommodate several households.
ii.Long-term resident settlement- Residents who have lived in the town for several generations, often referred to as  early settlers,  are classified in this study as  long-term residents.  Settlements where long-term residents form the majority are termed  long-term resident settlements .
iii. Low-income settlement- Low-income settlements refer to areas inhabited by low-income households, typically characterised by overcrowding and poorly constructed housing.

* Provide a list of all file formats present in this dataset. 
File list:
i. 2024_Chennai_ data set for testing hypothesis.csv
ii. 2024_Chennai_household survey dataset for descriptive statistics .csv
iii. 2024_Mumbai_household data set for testing hypothesis.csv
iv. 2024_Mumbai_household survey dataset for descriptive statistics.csv


Data-specific information for each distinct dataset
Variable list, including full names and definitions (spell out abbreviated words) of column headings for tabular data for the following files/data sets
i.) 2024_Chennai_data set for testing hypothesis (effect of towns and settlements).csv
ii.) 2024_Mumbai_ data set for testing hypothesis (effect of towns and settlements).csv

1. Sufficiency- Whether the household is getting sufficient water for meeting household needs (yes/no).This is an indicator of the quantity of water available to the households.
2. Whenever required-Whether the household is getting required quantity of water whenever required (yes/no).This is an indicator of the quantity of water available to the households. 
3. Weekly supply-Average number of days water is available in a week. This is an indicator of the regularity of the water supply in households.  
4. Hours of supply- Average number of hours water is available in a day. This is an indicator of the regularity of the water supply in households.   
5. Breakdowns- Number of breakdowns in water supply in a month (yes/no). This is an indicator of the reliability of the water supply in households.   
6. Accessibility of principal source- Refers to the location of the principal water source. The indicator is whether the principal water source lies within the household premises (yes/no)
7. Units of measurement
8. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used-No

> The data for the following files comprises of simple self-explanatory questions on water supply.
i.2024_Chennai_ survey dataset for descriptive statistics .csv
            ii. 2024_Mumbai_ survey dataset for descriptive statistics.csv