Browsing by Author "Adu, Cynthia"

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    Cellulose filaments derived from dissolution and spinning of paper sludge nanofibers using an ionic liquid Item
    (Cranfield University, 2020-04-17 09:08) Adu, Cynthia; Zhu, Chenchen; Jolly, Mark R.; Oksman, Kristiina; Eichhorn, Stephen J.; Richardson, Robert
    Dataset posted on 2020-04-17, 10:08 authored by Cynthia Adu, Chenchen Zhu, Mark Jolly, Kristiina Oksman, Stephen J. Eichhorn, Robert M. Richardson, Kevin D. Potter This data set contains results from the experimental test conducted to dissolve and spin cellulose nanofibres into filaments. The CNF was derived from paper mill sludge by mechanical grinding and dissolved in ionic liquid at 9 and 12% CNF concentration. Fibre pinning was conducted by dry-jet wet spinning method to produce filaments with average tensile strength of 19 GPa and 26 GPa, and modulus of 223 MPa and 282 MPa respectively. Enclose is the data from the tensile tests, rheology of the spinning solution and the filament orientation obtained from the wide angle x-ray of the filament.
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    Continuous and sustainable cellulose filaments from ionic liquid dissolved paper sludge nanofibres
    (Elsevier, 2020-10-03) Adu, Cynthia; Zhu, Chenchen; Jolly, Mark R.; Richardson, Robert M.; Eichhorn, Stephen J.
    The textile industry is resource intensive, which has a significant impact on global emissions and waste pollution. To meet the demand of textiles over a third of fibres used in manufacturing are sourced from fossil fuels. As the global demand for textiles continues to grow, manufacturers have having to seek innovative approaches to providing sustainable regenerative cellulose fibres. However, the latest climate change pressures on the textile industry has uncovered grave environmental issues associated with traditional regenerative cellulose production such as the viscose manufacturing process. The viscose process the required intensive use of hazardous chemicals which leads to water pollution and ecotoxicity. In addition, if forestry products are unsustainably sourced for the viscose production this can lead to resource scarcity and deforestation. To provide a holistic solution for mitigating these challenges this study uses the by-products of paper manufacturing dissolved in an ionic liquid to produce regenerated cellulose filaments. Paper mill sludge (PMS) is a cellulosic by-product typically used on animal bedding and land spreading. The material has been dissolved in an ionic liquid - 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate - with the aid of a co-solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) - and spun into continuous filaments for textile production. The mechanical properties of paper sludge filaments are found to be competitive with commercial viscose, which is promising for their drop-in replacement. It is also demonstrated that by increasing the concentration of the PMS from 9% to 12.4%, an improvement of the filament properties can be achieved; an increase in modulus from ~19 GPa to ~ 26 GPa and ~ 223 MPa to ~ 282 MPa. These values are shown to be competitive with other commercial, less sustainable, regenerated cellulose fibres
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    Developing fiber and mineral based composite materials from paper manufacturing by-products
    (Springer, 2017-04-27) Adu, Cynthia; Jolly, Mark R.
    Developing valuable materials from the by-products of paper industry can help to address some environmental and economic issues associated with traditional synthetic composites. Particularly, the management of paper mill sludge (PMS) waste remains an economic and environmental challenge for the pulp and paper industry. 11 million tons of PMS is generated annually in Europe from the wastewater treatment (WWT) process of paper mills. PMS is mostly used in low value applications. However, PMS contains fibers and minerals with physio-chemical properties that exhibit a high potential to substitute some conventional materials in other industries. The research presented in this paper aims to explore new directions for further investigation on PMS material applications by reviewing the literature on PMS materials and subsequently characterizing sludge from 6 different mills. The study shows the technical feasibility, opportunities and technological readiness of fiber and mineral based composites obtained from PMS, such as; cementitious products, polymer reinforcement and fiberboards.
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    Exploring new horizons for paper recycling: A review of biomaterials and biorefinery feedstocks derived from wastepaper
    (Elsevier, 2018-03-09) Adu, Cynthia; Jolly, Mark R.; Kumar Thakur, Vijay
    Paper is a perfect example of the circular economy as it remains the furthermost recycled product in Europe, creating significant environmental benefits and raw materials resources to the industry. Indeed, maintaining a consistent level of quality whilst limiting the environmental footprint of the product has become a major challenge for the industry. In this direction, paper is proving to be the promising feedstock for biorefinery and biomaterials. The future of paper recycling is slowly going beyond fibre recovery to address the needs of other industries because for the earth's environmental well-being various paper products need to be recycled and reused persistently. In this article, we outline the ambitious use of wastepaper (WP) for high-value applications such as; production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), composite reinforcement, high performance electrical components and biofuels.
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    Properties of cellulose nanofibre networks prepared from never-dried and dried paper mill sludge
    (Elsevier, 2018-06-27) Adu, Cynthia; Berglund, Linn; Oksman, Kristiina; Eichhorn, Stephen J.; Jolly, Mark R.; Zhu, Chenchen
    Paper mills yield large volumes of sludge materials which pose an environmental and economic challenge for disposal, despite the fact that they could be a valuable source for cellulose nanofibres (CNF) production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the production process and properties of CNF prepared by mechanical fibrillation of never-dried and dried paper mill sludge (PMS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that average diameters for both never-dried and dried paper sludge nanofibres (PSNF) were less than 50 nm. The never-dried and dried sludge nanofibres showed no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in strength ∼92 MPa, and ∼85 MPa and modulus ∼11 GPa and ∼10 GPa. The study concludes that paper mill sludge can be used in a dried state for CNF production to reduce transportation and storage challenges posed on industrial scale.
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    Properties of cellulose nanofibre networks prepared from nevEr-dried and dried paper mill sludge
    (Cranfield University, 2018-08-15 11:11) Adu, Cynthia; Jolly, Mark R.; Oksman, Kristiina; Zhu, Chenchen; Berglund, Linn; J. Eichhorn, Stephen
    The data enclosed is the data used in the paper "Properties of cellulose nanofibre networks prepared from never-dried and dried paper mill sludge". The raw data from tensile tests of cellulose nanofibres prepared from paper mill sludge is attached including the x-ray diffraction pattern of the material
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    Structural packaging foams prepared by uni-directional freezing of paper sludge cellulose nanofibres and poly (vinyl alcohol)
    (Elsevier, 2019-06-15) Adu, Cynthia; Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Filby, Jyoti; Ayre, David; Jolly, Mark R.
    Porous foams from cellulose nanofibres (CNF) and poly-vinyl alcohol CNF/PVA were prepared by uni-directional freezing to create a homogeneous pore structure. The CNF was derived from paper mills sludge (PMS), a by-product of paper manufacturing waste-water treatment. Sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) was used as a crosslinking agent. The density of the CNF/PVA foams were 0.03 g cm−3 with a compressive strength of 116 kPa at 20% strain. The foams were competitive to commercial expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.
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    Structural packaging foams prepared by uni-directional freezing of paper sludge cellulose nanofibres and poly (vinyl alcohol).
    (Cranfield University, 2019-04-18 08:36) Adu, Cynthia; Rahatekar, Sameer; Filby, Jyoti; Ayre, David; Jolly, Mark R.
    This dataset contains results from the experimental tests on cellulose nanofibres and polyvinyl alcohol foams prepared by uni-directional freezing. The compression tests of 8 samples are recorded here with their stress-strain curves plotted. Additional parameters of the foams such as density, volume, porosity are also recorded.