Browsing by Author "De Saeger, Sarah"

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    MycoKey round table discussions of future directions in research on chemical detection methods, genetics and biodiversity of mycotoxins
    (MDPI, 2018-03-01) Leslie, John F.; Lattanzio, Veronica; Audenaert, Kris; Battilani, Paola; Cary, Jeffrey; Chulze, Sofia N.; De Saeger, Sarah; Gerardino, Annamaria; Karlovsky, Petr; Liao, Yu-Cai; Maragos, Chris M.; Meca, Giuseppe; Medina-Vayá, Ángel; Moretti, Antonio; Munkvold, Gary; Mulè, Giuseppina; Njobeh, Patrick; Pecorelli, Ivan; Perrone, Giancarlo; Pietri, Amedeo; Palazzini, Juan M.; Proctor, Robert H.; Rahayu, Endang S.; Ramírez, Maria L.; Samson, Robert; Stroka, Jörg; Sulyok, Michael; Sumarah, Mark; Waalwijk, Cees; Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Hao; Logrieco, Antonio F.
    MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the discussions at the Chemical Detection and Monitoring roundtable because of their many favorable features, e.g., cost, speed and ease of use. The second area of focus for this roundtable was multi-mycotoxin detection protocols and the challenges still to be met to enable these protocols to become methods of choice for regulated mycotoxins. For the genetic and biodiversity group, both the depth and the breadth of trending research areas were notable. For some areas, e.g., microbiome studies, the suggested research questions were primarily of a descriptive nature. In other areas, multiple experimental approaches, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, RNAi and gene deletions, are needed to understand the regulation of toxin production and mechanisms underlying successful biological controls. Answers to the research questions will provide starting points for developing acceptable prevention and remediation processes. Forging a partnership between scientists and appropriately-placed communications experts was recognized by both groups as an essential step to communicating risks, while retaining overall confidence in the safety of the food supply and the integrity of the food production chain.
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    Natural occurrence, exposure assessment & risk characterization of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by‑products in Argentina
    (Springer, 2023-04-03) Pavicich, María Agustina; De Boevre, Marthe; Vidal, Arnau; Mikula, Hannes; Warth, Benedikt; Marko, Doris; De Saeger, Sarah; Patriarca, Andrea
    Data on the natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by-products is lacking in Argentina and the risk of exposure to these mycotoxins has not been characterized before. The levels of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), altertoxin-II (ATX-II), alternariol 3-sulfate (AOH-3-S), alternariol 3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol monomethyl ether 3-sulfate (AME-3-S), and alternariol monomethyl ether 3-glucoside (AME-3-G) were determined in clarified and cloudy apple juices, marmalades, and apple-based infant food from the Argentinean market, and the risk of exposure was characterized. Detectable levels of AME, TEN, TeA, AME-3-S and AOH-3-G were found in clarified juices, while the same mycotoxins plus AOH were found in cloudy apple juices in higher concentrations. AME, TEN, TeA and AOH-3G were detected in marmalades, and AOH, AME, TEN and TeA in apple infant food. Probabilistic exposure assessment and risk characterization were carried out for children between 6 months and 5 years old in Argentina. The highest risk of exposure affected children between 6 and 23 months from the consumption of apple infant food and mainly associated with the alternariols. Better control strategies to prevent the incorporation of Alternaria mouldy core into the process line and the establishment of legislation for Alternaria mycotoxins are needed in Argentina.