Al-Mashaqbeh, OthmanAlsalhi, LayalSalaymeh, LanaLyu, Tao2023-11-142023-11-142023-11-09Al-Mashaqbeh O, Alsalhi L, Salaymeh L, Lyu T. (2024) Assessment of novel hybrid treatment wetlands as nature-based solutions for pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment. Water and Environment Journal, Volume 38, Issue 2, May 2024, pp. 212-2201747-6585https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12907https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20546This study investigated the use of nature-based solutions for treating real pharmaceutical industry wastewater in Jordan. A pilot-scale hybrid treatment wetland (TW) equipped with local zeolite was employed, comprising a tidal flow TW and a horizontal subsurface flow TW. This system was efficient in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with removal efficiencies of 61.4%, 52.6%, 60.1%, and 61.9% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and NH4+-N, respectively. The final effluent met Jordanian standards for the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation (Class B). Five pharmaceuticals, namely, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, demonstrated nearly completed removal (93.6–99.9%). Moderated removal performances (59.2–68.2%) were observed for two compounds, flumequine and sulfaquinoxaline. However, three pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfadimidine, showed limited removal performances (1.1–20.5%). This study supported the feasibility of using nature-based solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater and highlighted that future studies are required to optimize this strategy for removing a broader range of pharmaceuticals.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/constructed wetlandsgreen technologymicropollutantstreatment wetlandswastewater treatmentArticle