Fei, Wei-ZhongLuk, Patrick Chi-Kwong2012-11-142012-11-142011-05-27W. Fei, P.C.K. Luk, Torque ripple reduction of a direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous machine by material-efficient axial pole pairing, Volume 59, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2601-2611.0278-0046http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2158048http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7654This paper investigates a material-efficient axial pole pairing method for torque ripple reduction in a direct-drive outer-rotor surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machine. The effects of the magnet pole arc width on the torque ripple characteristics of the machine are first established by both analytical and 2-D finite element approaches. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the axial pole pairing technique in mitigating the machine cogging torque, back electromotive force harmonics, and overall torque quality is comprehensively examined. Finally, 3-D finite element analysis and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed approach, and the results show that axial pole pairing can be cost efficiently implemented in terms of magnet material usage and assembly© 2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other worksAxial pole pairingback electromotive force (EMF)cogging torquedirect drivefinite element analysis (FEA)fractional slotmagnet pole arc width (MPAW)permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs)torque ripple reductionArticle