Alford, RolandHazael, RachaelCritchley, Richard2025-01-072025-01-072024-12-28Alford R, Hazael R, Critchley R. (2024) Introducing the combustion continuum to define the transition points between burning, deflagration, and detonation regimes of energetic materials. Journal of Energetic Materials, Available online 28 December 20240737-0652https://doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2024.2446903https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23317This paper introduces what the authors term Combustion Continuum which treats oxidation reactions of energetic materials as lying on a continuum in which the variable is the speed of reaction. It divides the continuum into three regions, burning, deflagration, and detonation (BDD) and defines the transition points between each region and describes various observable effects that allow definitive identification of the type of reaction. The transition point between combustion and deflagration is defined as the onset of an atmospheric shock wave, which is the first time deflagration has been defined in such a way that the point of transition can be observed and fixed. The transition point between deflagration and detonation is well defined elsewhere and is the point at which the reaction shocks-up to produce a shock wave driven detonation front. This approach contrasts with most literature that treats burning, deflagration and detonation as interrelated forms of energetic reaction with none giving precise definitions that allow a full understanding of the difference between them and most critically, how to determine whether a reaction is burning or deflagration.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chemical PhysicsArticle1545-8822561592