Sultana, M. SufiaWaine, TobyBari, NiamulTyrrel, Sean2025-05-302025-05-302025-07-01Sultana MS, Waine T, Bari N, Tyrrel S. (2025) Sanitation infrastructure and faecal flow – SanIFFlow: a spatial mapping tool for integrated planning and management of sanitation in unsewered urban areas. Geomatica, Volume 77, Issue 1, July 2025, Article number 1000591195-1036https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomat.2025.100059https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23949Proper sanitation is vital for public health, particularly in urban areas. However, planning and managing sanitation systems in secondary cities within economically developing countries presents persistent challenges, largely due to a lack of spatial understanding and representation. To address these challenges, this study introduces SanIFFlow (Sanitation Infrastructure and Faecal Flow), a spatial analytical approach focused on a city-scale, ward-level model. SanIFFlow provides an actionable insights into infrastructural attributes and faecal flow dynamics, tailored to the practical governance capacities of the city's existing management framework. By leveraging open-source data on buildings, population, and drainage network, the method offers a detailed spatial representation of faecal matter sources and movement pathways within urban catchments. This approach enables strategic sanitation planning and proactive management, identifying high-risk areas and supporting targeted interventions, such as ward-level infrastructure upgrades. SanIFFlow represents a scalable, data-driven tool designed to enhance urban sanitation management in resource-constrained settings.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/4406 Human Geography33 Built Environment and Design44 Human Society11 Sustainable Cities and Communities6 Clean Water and SanitationGeological & Geomatics EngineeringArticle1925-4296673348100059771