Murujew, OlgaWilson, AndreaVale, Peter C. J.Bajón Fernández, YadiraJefferson, BrucePidou, Marc2025-04-252025-04-252025-04-25Murujew O, Wilson A, Vale P, et al., (2025) Robustness and resilience of different solid-liquid separation technologies for tertiary phosphorus removal to low levels by coagulation. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 974, April 2025, Article number 1791700048-9697https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179170https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23816In this study, three tertiary solid separation technologies were assessed on their robustness and resilience against an effluent phosphorus target of <0.3 mg P/L at steady state and dynamic conditions. The ballasted flocculation system was found to be very robust at delivering the low P target. Alternatively, cloth filtration provided a more sustainable option for less strict consents of sub 0.5 mg P/L. The effluent from the membrane system was more variable but it was shown to meet the low consents even with increased phosphorus and solids content in the feed. A molar ratio of 1.37 Fe: P was shown to be sufficient to meet the P target at short contact times as with the ballasted flocculation process. It was highlighted that optimisation of up-stream flocculation can be a considerable factor for consistent performance. Overall, the study determined key attributes of the different technologies tested providing valuable insights for technology selection at full scale.Print-ElectronicenAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/4004 Chemical Engineering40 EngineeringBallastClothCoagulationMembranePhosphorusSand filterEnvironmental SciencesArticle1879-1026567461179170974