Donoghue, JackAnthonysamy, Alphons AnandarajMartina, FilomenoColegrove, Paul A.Williams, Stewart W.Prangnell, Philip B.2016-08-182016-08-182016-02-08Donoghue J, Antonymy AA, Martina F, et al., (2016) The effectiveness of combining rolling deformation with Wire–Arc Additive Manufacture on β-grain refinement and texture modification in Ti–6Al–4V. Materials Characterization, Volume 114, April 2016, pp. 103-1141044-5803https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.02.001https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10349In Additive Manufacture (AM), with the widely used titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, the solidification conditions typically result in undesirable, coarse-columnar, primary β grain structures. This can result in a strong texture and mechanical anisotropy in AM components. Here, we have investigated the efficacy of a new approach to promote β grain refinement in Wire–Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) of large scale parts, which combines a rolling step sequentially with layer deposition. It has been found that when applied in-process, to each added layer, only a surprisingly low level of deformation is required to greatly reduce the β grain size. From EBSD analysis of the rolling strain distribution in each layer and reconstruction of the prior β grain structure, it has been demonstrated that the normally coarse centimetre scale columnar β grain structure could be refined down to < 100 μm. Moreover, in the process both the β and α phase textures were substantially weakened to close to random. It is postulated that the deformation step causes new β orientations to develop, through local heterogeneities in the deformation structure, which act as nuclei during the α → β transformation that occurs as each layer is re-heated by the subsequent deposition pass.pp. 103-114enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Additive ManufactureTitaniumGrain structureTextureArticle5691736114