Browsing by Author "Gupta, Vijai Kumar"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Batch and fed-batch ethanol fermentation of cheese-whey powder with mixed cultures of different yeasts
    (MDPI, 2019-11-26) Farkas, Csilla; Rezessy-Szabó, Judit M.; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Bujna, Erika; Pham, Tuan M.; Pásztor-Huszár, Klára; Friedrich, László; Bhat, Rajeev; Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Nguyen, Quang D.
    Eight yeast strains of Lachancea thermotolerans, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Kluyveromyces waltii have been tested for their ability to ferment lactose into ethanol in mashes containing 10% (w/v) cheese whey powder (CWP). The K. marxianus NCAIM Y00963 achieved 3.5% (v/v) ethanol concentration at 96–120 h of fermentation. The ethanol production by the selected lactose-positive strains and the well-known ethanologenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levuline Fb) in mixed culture was also investigated at different CWP concentrations and inoculation techniques in batch mode. The mixed culture in an equal ratio (1:1) of cell counts of K. marxianus and S. serevisiae showed an increase in lactose conversion rate. The two yeast strains in a ratio of 3:1 (three-quarters of K. marxianus and a quarter of S. cerevisiae in a total of 4.5 × 1010 cells) resulted in 72.33% efficiency of lactose bioconversion and 7.6% (v/v) ethanol production at 17.5% (w/v) of CWP concentration. In the repeated inoculation process, with the addition of three-quarter part of 3:1 ratio of mixed culture (3.3 × 1010 cells of K. marxianus) into 150 mL CWP mash at initiation and the rest quarter part (1.2 × 1010 cells of S. cerevisiae) at 24 h, 8.86% (v/v) ethanol content with 87.5% efficiency of lactose conversion was reached. Both the ethanol concentration and efficiency of bioconversion were increased to 10.34% (v/v) and 92%, respectively, by combination with fed-batch fermentation technology. Our results can serve a very good basis for the development of industrial technology for the utilization of cheese whey.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Differential susceptibility of catheter biomaterials to biofilm-associated infections and their remedy by drug-encapsulated Eudragit RL100 nanoparticles
    (MDPI, 2019-10-15) Pandey, Vivek Kumar; Srivastava, Kumar Rohit; Ajmal, Gufran; Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Upadhyay, Siddh Nath; Mishra, Pradeep Kumar
    Biofilms are the cause of major bacteriological infections in patients. The complex architecture of Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm attached to the surface of catheters has been studied and found to depend on the biomaterial’s surface properties. The SEM micrographs and water contact angle analysis have revealed that the nature of the surface a ects the growth and extent of E. coli biofilm formation. In vitro studies have revealed that the Gram-negative E. coli adherence to implanted biomaterials takes place in accordance with hydrophobicity, i.e., latex > silicone > polyurethane > stainless steel. Permanent removal of E. coli biofilm requires 50 to 200 times more gentamicin sulfate (G-S) than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to remove 90% of E. coli biofilm (MBIC90). Here, in vitro eradication of biofilm-associated infection on biomaterials has been done by Eudragit RL100 encapsulated gentamicin sulfate (E-G-S) nanoparticle of range 140 nm. It is 10–20 times more e ective against E. coli biofilm-associated infections eradication than normal unentrapped G-S. Thus, Eudragit RL100 mediated drug delivery system provides a promising way to reduce the cost of treatment with a higher drug therapeutic index.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Energy production from steam gasification processes and parameters that contemplate in biomass gasifier - a review
    (Elsevier, 2019-11-26) Siwal, Samarjeet Singh; Zhang, Qibo; Sun, Changbin; Thakur, Sourbh; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
    The transformation of biomass using steam gasification is a chemical route to facilitate changes in organic or residue supported carbonaceous substances addicted to carbon mono-oxide, hydrogen including carbon-di-oxide, etc. However, to commercialize the method of steam gasification, the hurdles persist during the gasification as well as downstream processing. This article delivers a summary of the different approaches that are described in the previous studies to achieve H2 refinement and adaptation within the gasifier system. These include advanced aspects in the research and development of biomass gasification (alike advancements under the gasification operation). The upshot of diverse operating conditions like steam flow rate, operating temperature, moisture content, gasifier agents, residence time, biomass to air, steam to biomass, equivalence ratio, etc. towards the execution of biomass gasifier. This review accomplishes that the interdependence of several issues must be considered in point to optimise the producer gas.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Environmentally sound system for E-waste: Biotechnological perspectives
    (Elsevier, 2019-10-28) Awasthi, Abhishek Kumar; Hasan, Mohammed; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Pandey, Akhilesh Kumar; Tiwary, Bhupendra Nath; Kuhad, Ramesh C.; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
    The rapid e-waste volume is generating globally. At the same time, different recycling technologies, mainly the mechanical and chemical methods well studied, while the biological method is the most promising approach. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive information about extracting valuable metals from e-waste. In addition, this article outlines the process and key opportunity for extraction of metals, identifies some of the most critical challenges for e-waste environmentally sound management practices, and opinions on possible solutions for exiting challenges, and emphasis on importance of advanced recycling technologies that can be utilized, in order to minimize the environmental impact causes due to improper recycling of e-waste.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Recent advances in bio-electrochemical system analysis in biorefineries
    (Elsevier, 2021-07-02) Siwal, Samarjeet Singh; Zhang, Qibo; Saini, Adesh Kumar; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Roberts, Dave; Saini, Vipin; Coulon, Frederic; Pareek, Bhawna; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
    Concerns around acquiring the appropriate resources toward a growing world population have emphasized the significance of crucial connections between food, energy, and water devices, as described within the food-energy-water nexus theory. Advanced biorefineries provide second-generation biofuels and added-value chemicals through food products have affected these nexus sources. We combine various conversion technologies and expected options to look further for cost-effective technologies that maximize the value of resource use and reuse and minimize the amount of resource needed and environmental impacts. In this review article, our central focus is on structure and application, the outline of food-energy-water (FEW) nexus in biorefineries and bio-electrochemical system (BES) and looking into the energy-efficient and value-added product recovery. In addition, based on BES analysis for energy efficiency and valuable product recoveries such as hydrogen evaluation, acetate, recovery of heavy metals, nutrient’s recovery has been discussed under this article. Additionally, we focused on wastewater processing methods, novel electrode materials used in BES, BESs-based desalination and wastewater treatment, recent BES architecture and designs, genetic engineering for enhanced productivity, and valuable materials production surfactants and hydrogen peroxide. Finally, we concluded the topic by discussing the remediation of soil contamination, photosynthetic & microfluidic BES systems, possibilities of employing CO2, including prospects and challenges.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-10-26) Narisetty, Vivek; Cox, Rylan; Bommareddy, Rajesh; Agrawal, Deepti; Ahmad, Ejaz; Pant, Kamal Kumar; Chandel, Anuj Kumar; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Kumar, Dinesh; Binod, Parmeswaran; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Kumar, Vinod
    Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.