Browsing by Author "Lu, Cherie"

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    Determination and Applications of Environmental Costs at Different Sized Airports – Aircraft Noise and Engine Emissions.
    (Springer, 2006-01) Lu, Cherie; Morrell, Peter
    With the increasing trend of charging for externalities and the aim of encouraging the sustainable development of the air transport industry, there is a need to evaluate the social costs of these undesirable side effects, mainly aircraft noise and engine emissions, for different airports. The aircraft noise and engine emissions social costs are calculated in monetary terms for five different sized airports, ranging from hub airports to small regional airports. The number of residences within different levels of airport noise contours and the aircraft noise classifications are the main determinants for accessing aircraft noise social costs. The environmental impacts of aircraft engine emissions include both aircraft landing and take-off and 30-minute cruise. The social costs of aircraft emissions vary by engine type and aircraft category, depending on the damage caused by different engine pollutants on the human health, vegetation, materials, aquatic ecosystem and climate. The results indicate that the relationship appears to be curvilinear between environmental costs and the traffic volume of an airport. The results and methodology of environmental cost calculation could be applied to the proposed European wide harmonised noise charges as well as the social cost benefit analysis of airports.
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    The environmental cost implication of hub-hub versus hub bypass flight networks
    (Elsevier, 2007-05) Morrell, Peter; Lu, Cherie
    The increasing congestion at major hubs and the advantage to passengers of non-stop flights and faster journey times has intensified the debate on patterns of air service. At the same time the economics of highly focused networks has been challenged by the availability of very economic smaller capacity long-haul aircraft. The purpose of this research is to value the environmental costs of these two patterns of service: hub-to-hub and hub bypass. Five long-haul markets were evaluated both on a hub to hub and hub by-pass basis. These involved both transatlantic and Europe/Asia flights. It was found that the noise and emissions social cost impact of the hub by-pass networks was significantly lower than the hub to hub in all cases. The difference in environmental costs per passenger ranged between 25% and 73%, depending on the concentration of population around the airports and the degree to which the hub routing involved extra mileage. The difference increasedto a range of 56% to 113%, if a stimulation factor of 25% was applied to the non-stop market. The environmental cost saving for the non-stop flight amounted to just under 20% of the total aircraft operating costs of one of the cases considered.