Browsing by Author "Magliozzi, Chiara"
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Item Open Access Effects of large wood on invertebrate assemblages in the bed of a lowland river using a functional trait approach(Cranfield University, 2019-01-02 11:35) Grabowski, Robert; Magliozzi, ChiaraThis data is related to a research project using invertebrate ecological data to investigate functional traits at large wood sites. The research took place in the Hammer Stream, United Kingdom. The data was collected between 2016 and 2017 and available as separate .csv files.Two types of data are available: 1. Abundances of invertebrates and Traits2 Environmental dataPlease see the "description.txt" and 'readme.txt' files for further explanationItem Open Access Forecasting the ongoing invasion of Lagocephalus sceleratus in the Mediterranean Sea(Elsevier, 2018-02-12) Coro, Gianpaolo; Gonzalez Vilas, Luis; Magliozzi, Chiara; Ellenbroek, Anton; Scarponi, Paolo; Pagano, PasqualeInvasive species from the Suez Canal, also named “Lessepsian species”, often have an ecological and financial impact on marine life, fisheries, human well-being and health in the Mediterranean Sea. Among these, the silver-cheeked toad-fish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) has rapidly colonised the eastern Mediterranean basin and is currently moving westwards. This pufferfish has a highly opportunistic behaviour, it attacks fish captured in nets and lines and seriously damages fishing gears and catch. It is a highly-toxic species with no immediate economic value for the Mediterranean market, although it currently represents 4% of the weight of the total artisanal catches. Consequently, the possible effects on Mediterranean fisheries and health require to enhance our understanding about the future geographical distribution of this pufferfish in the whole basin. In this paper, an overall habitat suitability map and an effective geographical spread map for L. sceleratus at Mediterranean scale are produced by using cloud computing-based algorithms to merge seven machine learning approaches. Further, the potential impact of the species is estimated for several Mediterranean Sea subdivisions: The major fishing areas of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Economic Exclusive Zones, and the subdivisions of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Sea. Our results suggest that without an intervention, L. sceleratus will continue its rapid spread and will likely have a high impact on fisheries. The presented method is generic and can be applied to other invasive species. It is based on an Open Science approach and all processes are freely available as Web services.Item Open Access Functional traits of hyporheic and benthic invertebrates reveal importance of wood-driven geomorphological processes to rivers(Wiley, 2019-06-04) Magliozzi, Chiara; Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe; Meyer, Albin; Grabowski, Robert C.1.Large wood (LW) is a natural element of river environments and an integral component of many river restoration schemes to promote biodiversity. It is an important habitat in itself, but it also induces a wide range of hydraulic, hydrological, geomorphological, and chemical conditions that influence the ecological community. However, the effects of hydro‐geomorphological processes induced by LW on local benthic and hyporheic invertebrates have not been well characterized. 2.A functional approach was applied to invertebrate data collected in a field survey at sites with LW and without LW (control), to investigate the response of hyporheic and benthic invertebrates’ trait profiles in response to local LW‐induced processes. 3.We hypothesized LW sites to be associated with different trait modalities than control sites in relation to wood‐induced processes and conditions (i.e. hyporheic exchange flow, oxygen availability, temporal stability, organic matter, denitrification, hydraulic conductivity). Multivariate analyses and Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modelling were used to detect the differences in trait profiles between LW and control sites and to study the variation of traits as a function of hydrological, sedimentological, physical and chemical variables. 4.Biological (i.e. aquatic stages, reproduction), physiological (i.e. dispersal, feeding habits) and behavioural (i.e. substrate preferences) trait utilization by the hyporheic meiofauna differed between LW and control sites. At LW sites, the hyporheic meiofaunal assemblage was significantly associated with aquatic active dispersal, aquatic eggs and hard substrate preferences. This trait category selection was linked to changes in physical‐sedimentological processes at LW sites when compared to control sites. Macrofaunal benthic and hyporheic functional traits did not differ significasignificantly between wood and control sites, suggesting similar functioning of these assemblages at the surface‐subsurface interface. 5.This study found that LW affects invertebrate traits by altering fluvial processes to produce, locally, a mosaic of habitats. Hyporheic meiofauna trait responses to LW‐processes have suggested (i) the crucial role of LW in supporting river benthic zone functioning, and thus (ii) a possible benefit to river restoration by enhancing functional interactions among different ecological niches.Item Open Access Hydroecological investigations on the hyporheic zone to support river management from reaches to catchments(2018-06) Magliozzi, Chiara; Grabowski, Robert C.; Janes, MartinThe hyporheic zone (HZ) is an area of interaction between surface and ground waters in riverbeds. It is characterized by a diverse fauna and by a bidirectional flow (hyporheic exchange flow - HEF). HZ plays a signifi cant role in river ecosystems as location of major physical, biogeochemical and ecological processes. Yet, predicting HEF in rivers and assessing its ecological effects is challenging due to physical and biological process- interactions in time and space. This thesis investigates HEF from a hierarchical scaling perspective and it has two components: (i) physical, and (ii) biological. The fi rst component includes discriminating and integrating the drivers of HEF across spatial scales and developing a multiscale statistical method for river restoration planning. The second component consists of testing the interaction between physical and biological processes on in-channel large wood (LW), by quantifying, in the field, the effects on hyporheic and benthic invertebrates assemblages taxonomic structure and functional traits. The multiscale approach shows that suitable areas for HEF-focused restoration embed a summary of environmental information across the domains of hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology. Field results about invertebrates' taxonomic and functional metrics, demonstrate that the increased spatial and temporal variability of abiotic conditions at LW sites drives changes in abundance, biomass, diversity and functional traits of hyporheic meiofaunal assemblages. In contrast, benthic macrofaunal assemblages were less wood-impacted. To support restoration targeting the HZ, this research emphasizes the need to (i) recognize different spatial scales of HEF to identify the underlying processes; (ii) coordinate approaches to pool hyporheic data and create long-term datasets to quantitatively assess model predictions; and (iii) establish further knowledge on how LW effects HZ in different valleys and river types.Item Open Access Investigating invertebrate biodiversity around large wood: taxonomic vs functional metrics(Springer, 2020-07-21) Magliozzi, Chiara; Meyer, Albin; Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe; Robertson, Anne; Grabowski, Robert C.Large wood is a key component of river channels that affects numerous hydrological, physical and geomorphological processes. It promotes a diversity of benthic habitats in-channel and has shown to support more abundant and diverse benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in previous ecological studies. However, the effects of large wood on the structural and functional diversities of hyporheic invertebrates are less well studied, and simultaneous examination of these diversity metrics on hyporheic and benthic compartments of the stream bed has not been conducted previously. Therefore, this study investigates the taxonomic and functional diversities of hyporheic and benthic invertebrate assemblages around natural accumulations of large wood in a British lowland river. Taxonomic and functional diversities were partitioned (into alpha, beta, and gamma diversities) and examined in reaches with and without large wood (control). We found that functional diversity is often decoupled from taxonomic diversity, demonstrating a functional redundancy of the macroinvertebrate assemblage for both hyporheic and benthic zones. Moreover, the highest functional variability at alpha-scale was observed in large wood habitats, which suggests that taxonomic diversity is enhanced by the small-scale environmental heterogeneity around large wood. To this end, this study contributes empirical evidence of functional and structural responses of invertebrates to large wood accumulation. Such information could be used to better understand the ecological implications of restoration works in lowland rivers and guide more effective management strategiesItem Open Access Is the hyporheic zone relevant beyond the scientific community?(MDPI, 2019-10-25) Lewandowski, Jörg; Arnon, Shai; Banks, Eddie; Batelaan, Okke; Betterle, Andrea; Broecker, Tabea; Coll, Claudia; Drummond, Jennifer D.; Garcia, Jaime Gaona; Galloway, Jason; Gomez-Velez, Jesus; Grabowski, Robert C.; Herzog, Skuyler P.; Hinkelmann, Reinhard; Höhne, Anja; Hollender, Juliane; Horn, Marcus A.; Jaeger, Anna; Krause, Stefan; Löchner Prats, Adrian; Magliozzi, Chiara; Meinikmann, Karin; Babak Mojarrad, Brian; Mueller, Birgit Maria; Peralta-Maraver, Ignacio; Popp, Andrea L.; Posselt, Malte; Putschew, Anke; Radke, Michael; Raza, Muhammad; Riml, Joakim; Robertson, Anne; Rutere, Cyrus; Schaper, Jonas L.; Schirmer, Mario; Schulz, Hanna; Shanafield, Margaret; Singh, Tanu; Ward, Adam S.; Wolke, Philipp; Wörman, Anders; Wu, LiwenRivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along the river network. We elaborate on the main physical, biological, and biogeochemical drivers and processes within the hyporheic zone that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half a century. These previous efforts have shown that the hyporheic zone is a modulator for most metabolic stream processes and serves as a refuge and habitat for a diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts a major control on river water quality by increasing the contact time with reactive environments, which in turn results in retention and transformation of nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, and microplastics, among others. The paper showcases the critical importance of hyporheic zones, both from a scientific and an applied perspective, and their role in ecosystem services to answer the question of the manuscript title. It identifies major research gaps in our understanding of hyporheic processes. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of hyporheic restoration to efficiently manage and reactivate ecosystem functions and services in river corridors.Item Open Access A multiscale statistical method to identify potential areas of hyporheic exchange for river restoration planning(Elsevier, 2018-08-19) Magliozzi, Chiara; Coro, Gianpaolo; Grabowski, Robert C.; Packman, Aaron I.; Krause, StefanThe hyporheic zone (HZ) is an area of interaction between surface and ground waters present in and around river beds. Bidirectional mixing within the HZ, termed hyporheic exchange flow (HEF), plays significant roles in nutrient transport, organic matter and biogeochemical processing in rivers. The functional importance of the HZ in river ecology and hydrology suggests that river managers should consider the HZ in their planning to help compromised systems recover. However, current river restoration planning tools do not take into account the HZ. This paper describes a novel multiscale, transferable method that combines existing environmental information at different spatial scales to identify areas with potentially significant HEF for use in restoration prioritization and planning. It uses a deductive approach that is suited for data-poor case studies, which is common for most rivers, given the very limited data on the spatial occurrence of areas of hyporheic exchange. Results on nine contrasting European rivers, demonstrate its potential to inform river management.Item Open Access Quantifying coral reef composition of recreational diving sites: a structure from motion approach at seascape scale(MDPI, 2019-12-16) Palma, Marco; Magliozzi, Chiara; Rivas Casado, Monica; Pantaleo, Ubaldo; Fernandes, João; Coro, Gianpaolo; Cerrano, Carlo; Leinster, PaulRecreational diving is known to have both direct and indirect impacts on coral habitats. Direct impacts include increasing sedimentation, breaks and diseases that lead to a decrease in the richness and abundances of hard corals. Indirect impacts include urban development, land management and sewage disposal. The ecological effects of scuba diving on the spatial composition metrics of reef benthic communities are less well studied, and they have not been investigated at seascape scale. In this study, we combine orthomosaics derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and data-mining techniques to study the spatial composition of reef benthic communities of recreational diving sites at seascape scale (>25 m 22 ). The study focuses on the case study area of Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve (Mozambique). Results showed that scuba-diving resistant taxa (i.e., sponges and algae) were abundant at small (>850 m 22 ) and highly dived sites (>3000 dives yr −1−1 ), characterized by low diversity and density, and big organisms with complex shapes. Fragile taxa (i.e., Acropora spp.) were abundant at low (365 dives yr −1−1 ) and moderately dived sites (1000–3000 dives yr −1−1 ) where the greater depth and wider coral reef surfaces attenuate the abrasive effect of waves and re-suspended sediments. Highest taxa diversity and density, and lowest abundance of resistant taxa were recorded at large >2000 m 22 ) and rarely dived sites. This study highlights the potential applications for a photogrammetric approach to support monitoring programs at Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve (Mozambique), and provides some insight to understand the influence of scuba diving on benthic communities.Item Open Access Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales(European Geosciences Union (EGU) / Copernicus Publications, 2018-11-30) Magliozzi, Chiara; Grabowski, Robert C.; Packman, Aaron I.; Krause, StefanRivers are not isolated systems but interact continuously with groundwater from their confined headwaters to their wide lowland floodplains. In the last few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) has increased appreciation of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river and groundwater systems. While recent studies have investigated hydrological, biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at bedform and reach scales, a comprehensive understanding of process-based interactions between factors operating at different spatial and temporal scales driving hyporheic exchange flows (HEFs) at reach scale and larger is still missing. Therefore, this review summarizes the factors and processes at catchment, valley, and reach scales that interact to control spatial and temporal variations in hyporheic exchange flows. By using a multi-scale perspective, this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify the process driving patterns and dynamics of HEF. Finally, the influence of process interactions over multiple spatial scales is illustrated in a case study, supported by new GIS analyses, which highlights the importance of valley-scale factors to the expression of HEF at the reach scale. This conceptual framework will aid the development of approaches to interpret hyporheic exchange across scales, infer scaling relationships, and inform catchment management decisions.