Browsing by Author "Scott, Stuart A."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018-03-12) Bui, Mai; Adjiman, Claire S.; Bardow, André; Anthony, Edward J.; Boston, Andy; Brown, Solomon; Fennell, Paul S.; Fuss, Sabine; Galindo, Amparo; Hackett, Leigh A.; Hallett, Jason P.; Herzog, Howard J.; Jackson, George; Kemper, Jasmin; Krevor, Samuel; Maitland, Geoffrey C.; Matuszewski, Michael; Metcalfe, Ian S.; Petit, Camille; Puxty, Graeme; Reimer, Jeffrey; Reiner, David M.; Rubin, Edward S.; Scott, Stuart A.; Shah, Nilay; Smit, Berend; Trusler, J. P. Martin; Webley, Paul; Wilcoxx, Jennifer; Mac Dowell, Niall
    Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we capitalise on recent experience from the UK’s CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the largescale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Copper-based oxygen carriers supported with alumina/lime for the chemical looping conversion of gaseous fuels
    (Elsevier, 2017-07-29) Haider, Syed Kumail; Erans Moreno, Maria; Donat, Felix; Duan, Lunbo; Scott, Stuart A.; Manovic, Vasilije; Anthony, Edward J.
    Copper (II) oxide in varying ratios was combined with either an alumina-based cement (Al300), or CaO derived from limestone as support material in a mechanical pelletiser. This production method was used to investigate its influence on possible mechanical and chemical improvements for oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes. These materials were tested in a lab-scale fluidised bed with CO or CH4 as a reducing gas at 950 °C. As expected, the oxygen carriers containing a greater ratio of support material exhibited an enhanced crushing strength. Oxygen carriers comprised of a 1:3 ratio of support material to active CuO exhibited increased crushing strength by a minimum of 280% compared to pure CuO pellets. All oxygen carriers exhibited a high CO conversion yield and were fully reducible from CuO to Cu. For the initial redox cycle, Al300-supported oxygen carriers showed the highest fuel and oxygen carrier conversion. The general trend observed was a decline in conversion with an increasing number of redox cycles. In the case of CaO-supported oxygen carriers, all but one of the oxygen carriers suffered agglomeration. The agglomeration was more severe in carriers with higher ratios of CuO. Oxygen carrier Cu25Al75 (75% wt. aluminate cement and 25% wt. CuO), which did not suffer from agglomeration, showed the highest attrition with a loss of approximately 8% of its initial mass over 25 redox cycles. The reducibility of the oxygen carriers was limited with CH4 in comparison to CO. CH4 conversion yielded 15-25% and 50% for Cu25Ca75 (25% wt. CuO and 75% wt. CaO) and Cu25Al75, respectively. Cu25Ca75 demonstrated improved conversion, whereas Cu25Al75 exhibited a trending decrease in conversion with increasing redox cycles.