Browsing by Author "Stone, Nick"

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    Age-related changes in femoral head trabecular microarchitecture
    (Buck Institute for Age Research, 2017-10-11) Greenwood, Charlene; Clement, John; Dicken, Anthony; Evans, Paul; Lyburn, Iain Douglas; Martin, Richard M.; Stone, Nick; Zioupos, Peter; Rogers, Keith
    Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone condition, characterised by low bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Currently, the gold standard for identifying osteoporosis and increased fracture risk is through quantification of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorption. However, many studies have shown that bone strength, and consequently the probability of fracture, is a combination of both bone mass and bone ‘quality’ (architecture and material chemistry). Although the microarchitecture of both non-fracture and osteoporotic bone has been previously investigated, many of the osteoporotic studies are constrained by factors such as limited sample number, use of ovariectomised animal models, and lack of male and female discrimination. This study reports significant differences in bone quality with respect to the microarchitecture between fractured and non-fractured human femur specimens. Micro-computed tomography was utilised to investigate the microarchitecture of femoral head trabecular bone from a relatively large cohort of non-fracture and fracture human donors. Various microarchitectural parameters have been determined for both groups, providing an understanding of the differences between fracture and non -fracture material. The microarchitecture of non-fracture and fracture bone tissue is shown to be significantly different for many parameters. Differences between sexes also exist, suggesting differences in remodelling between males and females in the fracture group. The results from this study will, in the future, be applied to develop a fracture model which encompasses bone density, architecture and material chemical properties for both female and male tissues.
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    Correlating histology and spectroscopy to differentiate pathologies of the colon
    (2012-09-25) Carey, Duane; Shepherd, Neil; Kendall, Catherine; Stone, Nick; Breckon, Toby P.; Lloyd, Gavin Rhys; Xianghua, Xie
    The techniques and procedures associated with histology are, in most cases, suitable for the diagnosis of colonic carcinomas. However, in cases such as epithelial misplacement the morphology of a stained tissue sample is homologous to that of cancer. This can lead to patients being misdiagnosed and undergoing unnecessary surgery. To prevent this surgery we suggest that the epithelium of tissue samples be examined using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In this study, IR maps of tissue sections were registered to standard histology images so that epithelial specific spectra could be collected. The differences between these spectra were explored by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This paper provides a novel protocol detailing how histology specific spectra can be collected. The potential usefulness of these spectra is demonstrated through the separation of epithelial misplacement cases and colonic carcinomas within PCA space.
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    Exploration of utility of combined optical photothermal infrared and Raman imaging for investigating the chemical composition of microcalcifications in breast cancer
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-02-21) Bouzy, Pascaline; Lyburn, Iain Douglas; Pinder, Sarah E.; Scott, Robert; Mansfield, Jessica; Moger, Julian; Greenwood, Charlene; Bouybayoune, Ihssane; Cornford, Eleanor; Rogers, Keith; Stone, Nick
    Microcalcifications play an important role in cancer detection. They are evaluated by their radiological and histological characteristics but it is challenging to find a link between their morphology, their composition and the nature of a specific type of breast lesion. Whilst there are some mammographic features that are either typically benign or typically malignant often the appearances are indeterminate. Here, we explore a large range of vibrational spectroscopic and multiphoton imaging techniques in order to gain more information about the composition of the microcalcifications. For the first time, we validated the presence of carbonate ions in the microcalcifications by O-PTIR and Raman spectroscopy at the same time, the same location and the same high resolution (0.5 μm). Furthermore, the use of multiphoton imaging allowed us to create stimulated Raman histology (SRH) images which mimic histological images with all chemical information. In conclusion, we established a protocol for efficiently analysing the microcalcifications by iteratively refining the area of interest.