Browsing by Author "Taylor, M."

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    Risk assessment of the use of source-segregated anaerobic digestates in GB agriculture
    (2012-11-19T00:00:00Z) Longhurst, Philip J.; Chambers, B.; Gale, P.; Litterick, A.; Taylor, M.; Tompkins, D.; Tyrrel, Sean F.
    This paper reports on the completion of a quantitative assessment of residual risks for PAS110 biofertilisers. The work focuses on the practical use of source-segregated biofertilisers as agricultural soil amendments to ensure the protection of crops, humans, animals and the wider environment. Risks from human and animal pathogens, organic compound contaminants and plant pests and diseases are considered. The study details the basis for calculating the potential for exposure to hazards using a source-pathway-receptor method to determine the extent to which controls are needed to ensure protection from harm. Scenarios that consider the highest plausible combination of hazards arising from AD feedstocks, process parameters, land application rates and differing crop categories are used which indicate the extent to which risks could occur. In conclusion, the work provides evidence for process and agricultural management practices to enable the safe use of these high value and low cost soil amendments.
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    Strain patterns during tensile, compressive, and shear fatigue of human cortical bone and implications for bone biomechanics
    (Wiley, 2006-09-22) Winwood, K.; Zioupos, Peter; Currey, John D.; Cotton, J. R.; Taylor, M.
    It is a common theme in basic bone biomechanics and in biomechanical applications that much of the behavior can be determined and is dictated by the level of strain, whether this pertains to bone physiology, bone remodeling, osseoinduction, osseointegration, or the development of damage. The development of damage, demonstrated by stiffness loss measurements, has already been reported in detail in the literature. However, the systematic study of the development of “plastic” (residual) strains, which are associated with the inelastic mechanical behavior of bone tissue, has generally been overlooked. The present study compares the rates at which the elastic (ea) and plastic components (ep) of strain developed during tensile, compressive, and shear fatigue in human cortical bone of six individuals aged between 53 and 79 years. The overall hypothesis of this investigation is that there is a common underlying factor in the damage‐related behavior of bone, which may allow us to link together the various aspects of the damage related behavior of bone. The rate of development of plastic strain (Δep/ΔN) and the rate of growth in elastic strain amplitude (Δea/ΔN) are described as a function of the stress (σ), and/or stress normalized by the modulus of elasticity (σ/E). The implications of our findings are discussed with respect to simple models/mechanisms, which may underlie the observed behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006