Browsing by Author "Yu, Jie"

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    Influence of temperature and particle size on structural characteristics of chars from beechwood pyrolysis
    (Elsevier, 2018-01-31) Yu, Jie; Sun, Lushi; Berrueco, César; Fidalgo, Beatriz; Paterson, Nigel; Millan, Marcos
    This work investigates the effect of temperature and particle size on the product yields and structure of chars obtained from the pyrolysis of Beechwood Chips (BWC), a lignocellulosic biomass. BWC of three different size fractions (0.21–0.50 mm, 0.85–1.70 mm and 2.06–3.15 mm) were pyrolyzed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 °C in a fixed bed reactor. Tar and gas yields increased with increasing temperature, while char yield decreased, particularly between 300 and 450 °C. The effect of particle size was mostly observed at temperatures lower than 400 °C as a larger char yield for larger particles due to intraparticle reactions. At higher temperatures the larger surface area in the char fixed bed favoured reactions increasing char and gas yields from the smaller particles. Pyrolysis chars were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Loss in oxygenated functional groups and aliphatic side chains with increasing temperature was revealed, along with an increase in the concentration of large aromatic systems, leading to a more ordered char structure but no significant graphitization. The changes in char nature at high temperature led to a loss in their combustion reactivity. Raman spectra indicated that the temperature needed to completely decompose the cellulose structure increased with biomass particle size and the enhanced intraparticle reactions in pyrolysis of large particles was likely to give rise to amorphous carbon structures with small fused ring systems.
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    Novel swing arm mechanism design for trailing edge flaps on commercial airliner
    (Cranfield University, 2008) Yu, Jie; Stocking, Philip; Lawson, Craig
    This thesis will describe the works had been done by the author in the Flying Crane aircraft group design project and the new design of a novel swing arm mechanism which can be applied in the trailing edge high lift devices for this aircraft concept. Flying Crane aircraft is a new generation commercial airliner concept as the result of group design project conducted by China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I) and Cranfield University. At the end of the group design project, parameters such as take-off and landing distance, trailing edge flap type and deflection in take-off and landing configuration of the Flying Crane concept have been determined. These parameters are design input of the novel trailing edge high lift device mechanism for this aircraft concept. The idea of this innovative mechanism comes from the research achievement of a previous MSc student, Thomas Baxter, which applied swing arm mechanism into a passenger aircraft's leading edge slat. This thesis applied this idea to trailing edge flap and modeled the mechanism on CATIA software to yield a kinematic simulation for the purpose of check motion trail and force transfer in this mechanism. Relevant works such as actuation, mass and stress analysis are also involved. As the result of this research project, it was found that swing arm mechanism trends to require relatively small fairings for supports and attachments due to its high stowed space utilizing efficiency. Initial mass estimation carried out in this thesis also indicates that the new design takes advantage in terms of weight comparing with traditional trailing edge flap mechanisms. Thus. swing arm mechanism is supposed to show great competitive potential for commercial airliner's trailing edge flaps after further analysis has been done in the detail design phase.