Manufacturing, Materials and Design

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Open Access
Analysis of key challenges to implementation of FEFO in perishable food supply chain
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Kandasamy, Jayakrishna; Vimal, K. E. K.; Singh, Aditya Pratap; Magnani, Aaryan; Gokhale, Ameya; Jagtap, Sandeep
Implementing FEFO practices has become essential for organizations globally to minimize spoilage, enhance inventory turnover, and ensure compliance with health and safety standards. To aid stakeholders in effectively adopting FEFO, it is crucial to identify and address the challenges involved in its implementation. Through an extensive literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and insights from industry experts, this study identifies thirteen core challenges that hinder FEFO adoption. PRISMA methodology was used to systematically organize the existing literature for the purpose of this study. Using tools like Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM), the challenges were examined and ranked according to their interdependencies, providing insights into the cause-effect relationships among them. After applying DEMATEL, an alpha threshold value of 0.368 revealed that challenges in effective storage management are the primary barrier in implementing FEFO practices. With level partitioning, this challenge emerged as the most significant, forming the foundation for a roadmap designed to assist stakeholders. The findings from this study offer managers actionable insights for implementing effective FEFO techniques within their organizations. The study's novelty lies in its combination of DEMATEL and TISM methodologies, along with a roadmap that highlights strategic and policy-focused recommendations to support efficient FEFO adoption and the systematic study of challenges preventing effective FEFO adoption. This paper aids implementation of FEFO for better inventory control and management, reduced wastage and greater efficiency. The paper also effectively outlines and analyses the order of importance of challenges in FEFO implementation and their interdependence.
Open Access
Assessment of fatigue crack initiation after overloads with substructure-sensitive crystal plasticity
(Elsevier, 2025-09) Dindarlou, Shahram; Castelluccio, Gustavo M.
Microstructure-sensitive fatigue initiation prognosis approaches typically assume uniform periodic loading and often overlook in-service overloads, which increase uncertainty and reduce life prediction accuracy. Similarly, certification efforts rarely evaluate experimentally the impact of different overloads due to the prohibitive costs. Therefore, predictive models that estimate overload effects on fatigue initiation damage without extensive experimental data are valuable to improve prognosis approaches. However, the literature lacks microstructure-sensitive approaches capable of assessing overload effects with models that simultaneously predict monotonic and cyclic responses without recalibration. This work presents a novel strategy to predict the effects of overloads on early cyclic damage by evaluating the refinement dislocation structures. A substructure-based crystal plasticity approach relies on independent parameterizations from monotonic and cyclic loading to predict overload responses, without requiring additional experiments. The model agreement with macroscale experiments was further validated by comparing dominant mesoscale structures after overloads in single- and poly-crystals for metals and alloys. The analysis also identified overload-resistant crystal orientations and demonstrated that overloads increase the likelihood of initiating fatigue cracks in low apparent Schmid factor grains under low-amplitude fatigue. We conclude by discussing the value of material-invariant mesoscale parameters to rank overloads effect for materials and loading conditions for which no experiments are available.
Open Access
Capacity and impedance characteristics of the lithium-ion battery and mechanical properties of the battery pack under coupled temperature-vibration conditions: an experimental approach
(Elsevier, 2025-10-01) Li, Ran; He, Feiyang; Vargas, Oscar Rojas; Khan, Muhammad
Since electric vehicles are subject to constant vibration and temperature fluctuations during operation, it is critical to understand the impact of these factors on the performance of batteries and battery enclosures. This study investigates the impact of vibration (random frequencies from 8 Hz to 200 Hz) and temperature (ranging from −20 °C to 60 °C in 10 °C increments) on lithium-ion batteries at varying states of charge (SOC, from 0 % to 100 % in 10 % intervals). A 3D-printed plastic enclosure was used for the battery pack to assess its mechanical performance under operational vibration. Analysis of the experimental data reveals that battery internal resistance shows an upward trend, with increases ranging from 0.1 mΩ to 0.5 mΩ under standard conditions and up to 1 mΩ at low temperatures after vibration. Battery capacity exhibited a slight decline after vibration, typically around 0.5 %, across most conditions. Temperature did not significantly impact the SOC response, with similar resistance and capacity trends observed across the temperature spectrum after vibration. For the battery pack, structural integrity was maintained under thermal and vibrational stress, as indicated by minimal changes in natural frequency (within 0.5 Hz). These results confirm the feasibility and potential of using 3D-printed battery enclosures in practical applications.
Open Access
Comparative life cycle assessment of swarf cleaning methods for sustainable manufacturing
(Elsevier, 2025) Karadimas, Georgios; Pagone, Emanuele; Salonitis, Konstantinos
The metal manufacturing industry faces significant environmental challenges due to high energy consumption and waste production. This study critically analyzes two advanced swarf cleaning methods including supercritical CO2 cleaning and Cryoclean to evaluate their environmental impacts. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the research compares these methods to determine their effectiveness in reducing CO2 emissions and overall environmental impact. The results reveal that Cryoclean is the preferred method, slightly outperforming supercritical CO2 cleaning in minimizing carbon emissions and ecosystem damage. This makes Cryoclean the more sustainable option for most industrial applications requiring effective, residue-free cleaning. Specifically, Cryoclean reduced CO2 emissions by approximately 5% compared to supercritical CO2 cleaning. The study also highlights the energy and resource efficiency of these methods, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainable manufacturing practices. By providing a detailed comparison of these cleaning processes, the study offers valuable insights into optimizing swarf recycling, thereby supporting the global shift towards more sustainable industrial practices. This research underscores the importance of adopting efficient swarf cleaning technologies to enhance the sustainability of metal manufacturing and meet environmental targets.
Open Access
A contactless human vital sign monitoring system using a Doppler radar
(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) Yong, Qi; Zhao, Yifan
Traditional vital signs monitoring methods are associated with certain limitations, such as requiring direct skin contact, causing potential distractions from sensors, and being susceptibility to electromagnetic interferences. Non-contact measurement methods have attracted growing interest but existing solutions face challenges in terms of working distance, accuracy, lack of temporal resolution, and applications in real-time heartbeat detection. This study introduces a novel non-contact vital sign monitoring system based on a K-band radar with dedicated algorithms for demodulation, parametric filter design, and self-adapting real-time heartbeat detection and extraction. This system provides precise and reliable per-beat heartrate detection and measurement, under a wide range of distances and working conditions, achieving superior performances and functionalities compared to existing contact-based implementations. By comparing with photoplethysmography and phonocardiogram sensors, the proposed system achieved real-time accurate per-beat heart rate measurement, with a relative root mean squared error of < 5 % for working distance of up to 3.2 m. Additionally, it can detect apneas and abnormal breathing activities, while also generating phonocardiogram and vibrography signals as a contactless virtual stethoscope. We anticipate that the solution will enable a wide range of applications including critical personnel monitoring, home and healthcare surveillance, self-assisted public health devices, and rescue operations.
Open Access
Cost Optimisation to determine ship maintenance schedules for improved operational availability
(Elsevier, 2025-06-16) Gosavi, Pranav; Latsou, Christina; Erkoyuncu, John Ahmet; Sibson, Jim
Complex port maintenance operations face significant challenges due to the dynamic nature of port resource availability, variable task urgency, and downtimes having different priorities. This study proposes a dynamic scheduling approach for ship maintenance that integrates agent-based modelling with multi-objective optimisation. By optimising port resource allocation and reducing ship idle costs, the approach significantly enhances operational efficiency in maritime logistics. Utilising a hybrid simulation-optimisation framework, the proposed method adapts downtime priorities and resource allocations rules arising due to classes of ship and their compatibility with the port resources, and their downtimes. Agent-based modelling simulates interactions between ships, port assets, and maintenance activities while Discrete Event Simulation captures the stages of maintenance process. The model re-evaluates the ship maintenance schedules and facility resource downtime schedules to minimise idle time and maximise efficiency. Comparative analyses reveal improvements over static methods, including an average 45% reduction in idle costs of ship due to unavailable resources, with marginal changes in maintenance costs. This approach not only enhances port operational efficiency but also reduces costs associated with ship waiting times, demonstrating its potential application to other complex industrial scheduling problems requiring adaptive solutions.
Open Access
Critical success factors for ICT integration in agri-food sector: pathways for decarbonization and sustainability
(Elsevier, 2025-05-01) Sharma, Isha; Sarkar, Bishal Dey; Jagtap, Sandeep
A decarbonized agri-food sector may provide consumers with nutritious, secure, and reasonably priced food with a lower carbon impact. Decarbonizing the agri-food sector is intricate and necessitates a holistic strategy. Technological advancements, like Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), might be the solution. This study analyses the critical success factors (CSFs) for ICT integration in the agri-food sector in the Western and North Western States of India based on empirical data collected and analyzed. The study proposes a framework that determines and ranks the significant factors for ICT integration in the agri-food sector to achieve the decarbonization goals by utilizing the fuzzy evidential reasoning approach (FERA) and the evidential reasoning approach (EFA). The factors are examined based on the Technological, Organization, and Environmental (TOE) criteria. The results show that the most significant factors contributing to the effective implementation of ICT in the agri-food sector are continuous innovation and R&D, supportive policies and regulations, and cost-effectiveness. The results will assist managers and decision-makers in creating effective policies and making knowledgeable choices that will support sustainable growth in the agri-food industry by lowering carbon emissions through effective ICT integration.
Open Access
Deposition of alginate-oregano nanofibres on cotton gauze for potential antimicrobial applications
(Elsevier, 2025-08-01) Orisawayi, Abimbola Oluwatayo; Lu, Hao; Badruddin, Ishrat Jahan; Venkatraman, Prabhuraj D.; Britten, Nicole S.; Butler, Jonathan A.; Koziol, Krzysztof K. K.; Rahatekar, Sameer S.
In this study, we developed an innovative natural antibacterial medical bandage composed of electrospun nanofibres derived from alginate (SAg) and oregano essential oil (OEO). The nanofibre deposition process was systematically optimised, achieving a controlled evolution of fibre formation at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h. Over time, fibre morphology has changed from a dispersed network to a densely packed, homogeneous, fibrous, fully embedding cotton gauze nanofibre. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed nanofibres with diameters ranging from 100 to 300 nm, 46 % measuring 100–200 nm, 37 % at 200–300 nm, and 14 % between 300 and 400 nm. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed improved thermal stability in cross-linked samples. At the same time, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the incorporation of OEO into the nanofibres shows OEO carvacrol, and thymol. Antibacterial efficacy tested inhibition zone assays against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Listeria monocytogenes on double-layered bandages is 15 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis results from ANOVA confirmed that multi-layered bandages (TL-BSS) had significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to single-layered (SSS) and both-sided spun (BSS) configurations. Unlike conventional wound dressings, this study introduces a bioactive, nanofibre-integrated gauze with sustained antibacterial efficacy.
Open Access
Designing nickel coatings for water erosion performance: optimisation of grain size and thickness
(Elsevier, 2025-06-15) Gaddavalasa, Nithin Chandra; Lodh, Arijit; Cini, Andrea; Saaran, Vinodhen; Mehmanparast, Ali; Starr, Andrew; Castelluccio, Gustavo M.
Metallic coatings are gaining interest as an alternative to classical polymeric layers for erosion damage prevention due to their extended durability and sustainability. However, their implementation requires a thorough understanding of protective potential and reliability. This study explores the use of brush-plated nickel coatings on carbon-fibre reinforced composites to enhance their performance against water erosion. A combination of experimental analysis and computational modeling explores the effect of different coating thickness and properties to withstand water droplet erosion damage. Findings reveal a minimum critical coating thickness around 40 μ m can significantly improve the erosion resistance.
Open Access
Enabling sustainability-by-design with multi-disciplinary computer aided systems
(Elsevier, 2025) Ituarte, Iñigo Flores; Pagone, Emanuele; Daareyni, Amirmohammad; Thayapararajah, Samniroshan; Tosello, Guido
Sustainability-by-Design requires information and communication technologies (ICTs) capable of integrating design engineering, manufacturing processes, materials, and sustainability considerations. Currently, methodologies for assessing environmental sustainability, such as product life cycle assessment, are often implemented too late in the design process, reducing opportunities for early intervention. Integrating environmental sustainability modeling in computer-aided systems (CAx) allows engineers to concurrently evaluate trade-offs between technical performance and environmental impact, facilitating informed decision-making during embodiment design stages. Using a prosthetic device produced via material jetting additive manufacturing as case study, we demonstrate the transformative role of advanced CAx tools capable of analyzing trade-offs among competing objectives.
Open Access
Exploring circular economy in the United Kingdom based on LinkedIn data from company profiles
(Elsevier, 2025-04-25) Tsironis, Georgios; Cox, Rylan; Jolly, Mark; Salonitis, Konstantinos; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P.
This work explores the landscape of Circular Economy within the business domain through an innovative approach to topic modelling applied to 1396 LinkedIn company profiles in the UK. We explore thematic structures within a dataset curated through the LinkedIn search engine prompt for companies related to the Circular Economy. Leveraging Latent Dirichlet Allocation models, we identify topics that encapsulate the essence of circular and sustainable business practices. Our findings unveil key thematic clusters, including “Waste Management and Environmental Impact,” highlighting companies at the forefront of waste reduction and eco-conscious industry practices. Another significant cluster, “Sustainable Solutions and Customer-Centric Approach,” delves into businesses seamlessly integrating sustainability across product design and customer interactions. Lastly, “Green Technology and Community Building” sheds light on companies excelling in green technology and actively contributing to environmentally responsible global networks. Topic modelling is employed as a powerful tool for unravelling complex business narratives and fostering a holistic approach to sustainable practices.
Open Access
Exploring consumer behaviour on carbon labelled food products: evidence from a survey on the case of sandwich production and consumption in UK
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) Imran, Noor; Kumar, Mukesh; Jagtap, Sandeep; Trollman, Hana; Gupta, Sumit; Garcia-Garcia, Guillermo
By assessing carbon footprints and raising awareness of carbon labelling, the food sector is setting long-term targets to reduce carbon emissions and accelerate the transition to low-carbon food production. Carbon labelling, also known as carbon labelling, informs customers about a product's production, distribution, and disposal carbon emissions. This study examines how customers view carbon labelling and how it affects their purchases. The study also examines the complex food industry, identifying the biggest carbon emitters and proposing sustainable alternatives. The study collects qualitative and quantitative data using mixed methodologies. An overview of the literature shows how carbon labelling promotes sustainable consumption. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate two sandwich recipes' carbon footprints, focusing on emissions per item. LCA results indicated that carbon footprint of a cheese and mayonnaise sandwich ranged between 700 and 750 g CO2 eq, while a ham and cheese sandwich ranged between 1053 and 1070 g CO2 eq., and the primary contributors for these emissions were ingredient production, packaging and energy consumption. A sandwich maker partnership simplifies case study data collection, providing a complete carbon footprint analysis throughout production. This study suggests ways to minimise food industry carbon emissions for a sustainable future. Consumer knowledge and relevance of carbon labelling vary, according to our results. Survey findings revealed that 68.6 % of respondents recognise the significance of carbon labelling, however, only 26.9 % reported that their purchasing decisions are influenced by carbon labelling. This indicated a gap between consumer awareness and behavioural change. Consumers are concerned about carbon footprints; thus, carbon labels affect shopping decisions differently. This study suggests that consumer education, standardisation of carbon labelling and recipe modifications could increase effectiveness of carbon labelling in the food industry and its potential to change consumer behaviour towards greener choices and lower carbon footprints.
Open Access
High-precision machining behavior of the single crystal scintillator, bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge5O12)
(Elsevier, 2025-06-01) Taieb, Kahina; Belkhir, Nabil; Khennab, Abdelghani; Rogers, Edith; Giusca, Claudiu; Bizarri, Gregory
This study focuses on understanding the machinability of a single-crystal scintillator, Bismuth Germanate (BGO), a material widely used in Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (ToF-PET). The micromachining process of such a hard, brittle material presents several challenges, particularly in maintaining surface integrity without inducing fractures or microcracks. In this work, we employed the Johnson-Holmquist 2 (JH-2) material model to simulate the micro-milling process of BGO. Experimental data from quasi-static uniaxial compression and split tests were used to estimate the key parameters for the JH-2 model. The simulation results closely aligned with experimental outcomes, confirming the reliability of the model in capturing the mechanical behavior of BGO under stress. Simulations were conducted with different machining parameters, successfully replicating the conditions observed in practical machining tests. Our findings demonstrate the impact of feed rate and depth of cut on the machinability of BGO, validating the use of the JH-2 model of this material. Looking ahead, this robust computational framework offers the potential to further optimize the machining process, ultimately enabling the production of high-performance heterostructures for scintillator applications in TOF-PET.
Open Access
Impact of interpass temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of super duplex stainless steel in CW-GMA additive manufacturing
(Elsevier, 2025-07-30) Poulain, Paul; Wang, Jun; Bouvier, Salima; Williams, Stewart W.; Budnyk, Sergij L.; Gavrilovic-Wohlmuther, Aleksandra
This study investigates the influence of interpass temperature (IPT) on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) manufactured by cold wire gas metal arc (CW-GMA) additive manufacturing. Thermal cycle analysis showed that cooling rates were not significantly affected by IPT under constant process parameters. However, higher IPTs resulted in higher thermal accumulation and extended exposure to elevated temperatures. Microstructural characterisation revealed the transformation of δ-ferrite grains into various austenitic phases and secondary chromium nitrides during cooling. Fine, needle-like secondary austenite formation was more pronounced at higher IPTs, driven by chromium nitride precipitation near layer transitions. Mechanical testing demonstrated consistent ultimate tensile strength around 810 MPa across IPTs, with ductility variations attributed to porosity. Hardness profiles were uniform, averaging approximately 300 Hv. These findings suggest that while IPT influences thermal accumulation and microstructural details, its effect on ferrite-to-austenite ratio and mechanical properties is minimal. Optimising IPT remains essential for increasing the productivity of SDSS in CW-GMA additive manufacturing.
Open Access
In-situ monitoring the structural pathway of a Ti-based alloy from metallic liquid to metallic glass
(Elsevier, 2025-04-25) Georgarakis, Konstantinos; Stiehler, Martin E.; Hennet, Louis; Guo, Yaofeng; Antonowicz, Jerzy; Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V.; Jolly, Mark R.; Andrieux, Jérôme; Vaughan, Gavin B. M.; Greer, A. Lindsay
A metallic glass is formed when a molten metallic alloy is cooled rapidly enough that crystallisation is avoided. However, the way the atomic structure of the liquid converts to that of the glass is generally unknown. The main challenge is the sufficiently fast experimental acquisition of structural data in the undercooled liquid regime necessitated by the high cooling rates needed to avoid crystallisation. In the present study, using aerodynamic levitation, the Ni-free Ti-based alloy Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 was vitrified in-situ in a high-energy synchrotron X-ray beam while diffraction data were acquired during cooling from above the liquidus temperature Tliq to well below the glass-transition temperature Tg. The structure in the undercooled liquid regime shows an accelerated evolution. Both the local order in the short (SRO) and medium range (MRO) increases rapidly as the undercooled liquid approaches Tg, below which the amorphous structure “freezes”. Nevertheless, distinct differences between the evolution of SRO and MRO were observed. The structural rearrangements in the undercooled liquid are found to be correlated with a rapid increase in viscosity of the metallic liquid upon cooling. The new findings shed light on the evolution of the atomic structure of metallic liquids during vitrification and the structural origins of the sluggish kinetics that suppress nucleation and growth of crystalline phases.
Open Access
“In-situ” x-ray imaging technology for material and manufacturing science: a review
(Elsevier, 2025-05-15) Nguyen, Van Anh; Le, Duy Han; Damian, Dilen; Tran, The Bach; Le, Quang Hung; Nguyen, Nhu Tung
“In-situ” X-ray imaging has become a powerful tool in materials and manufacturing science, enabling real-time observation of critical processes. However, access to X-ray facilities remains highly competitive due to limited availability, high operational costs, and technical complexity, restricting its use to a few research groups worldwide. This review addresses this challenge by providing a comprehensive analysis of X-ray imaging technologies, their historical development, and recent advancements in “in-situ” X-ray imaging. It explores applications across various materials and manufacturing processes, including welding, additive manufacturing (AM), casting, high-temperature furnaces, and novel materials. Key topics such as heat transfer, melt pool dynamics, solidification, microstructure evolution, and defect formation in manufacturing processes are systematically examined. Additionally, the review highlights the potential of “in-situ” X-ray imaging for discovering novel materials and advancing manufacturing technologies. It discusses current limitations, particularly the constraints of existing X-ray facilities, and outlines future directions for enhancing this technology. Expanding access to high-resolution X-ray imaging is crucial for accelerating advancements in materials and manufacturing. Integrating artificial intelligence and simulation models will further enhance its capabilities. Achieving these improvements requires upgrading existing X-ray facilities and developing new systems capable of capturing high-resolution, real-time imaging of complex material processes.
Open Access
Influence of sliding direction relative to layer orientation on tribological performance, noise, and stability in 3D-printed ABS components
(Elsevier, 2025-10) Tian, Yang; Zheng, Bohao; Khan, Muhammad; He, Feiyang
The tribological performance of 3D-printed ABS components is influenced by layer orientation, yet its effects on friction, wear, noise, and system stability remain underexplored. This study investigates how the angle between sliding direction and layer lines (0°, ± 45°, 90°) impacts these properties in FDM-printed ABS. Pin-on-disc tests (10–20 N loads, 0.314–0.628 m/s speeds) and modeling (FEM for wear and temperature, lumped-parameter for stability) were conducted. The 90° orientation showed the highest coefficient of friction (COF) due to mechanical interlocking but the lowest wear, while the 0° orientation had the lower COF and highest wear from interlayer shear. The −45° orientation produced the most noise due to debris-induced stick-slip, while the 45° orientation generated the least. FEM wear predictions aligned well with experiments (<7 % error), but noise predictions had higher errors (up to 15 %). Increased wear depth raised vibration frequencies, and larger static-kinetic COF differences increased instability.
Open Access
Microstructure tailoring of a wire-arc DED processed Ti6242 alloy for high damage tolerance performance
(Elsevier, 2025-05-05) Zakir, Farhana; Syed, Abdul Khadar; Zhang, Xiang; Davis, Alec E.; Sahu, Vivek K.; Caballero, Armando E.; Biswal, Romali; Prangnell, Philip B.; Williams, Stewart W.
This paper examines the effects of interpass hammer peening and post-process β annealing on the tensile properties, high-cycle fatigue, and fatigue crack growth behaviour of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si (Ti6242), processed via wire-arc directed energy deposition (w-DED, also known as WAAM). A major challenge in additive manufacturing of titanium alloys is the development of a coarse columnar grain structure under standard build conditions, leading to significant anisotropy and variability in mechanical properties. This study demonstrates that interpass peening effectively refines the grain structure by inducing recrystallization, resulting in isotropic properties and increased strength without compromising fatigue crack growth resistance. Additionally, post-deposition annealing above the β-transus temperature (β annealing) significantly reduces the fatigue crack growth rate by an order of magnitude through microstructural refinement. The formation of coarse single-variant lamellar colonies promotes crack path branching and deviation, enhancing fatigue crack growth performance. Combining in-process grain refinement via peening with post-process β annealing further increases the threshold stress intensity factor by 2.5 times. These improvements provide substantial benefits for damage-tolerant design principles.
Open Access
Monitoring framework for physical knowledge exploration in wire-based directed energy additive manufacturing (w-DEDAM)
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Chen, Le; Lasisi, Shakirudeen; Vives, Javier; Bird, Thomas; Narasiah, Hansley; Qin, Jian; Feng, Shuo; Yin, Yi; Diao, Chenglei; Zhao, Yifan; Ding, Jialuo; Williams, Stewart
Monitoring in wire-based directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (w-DEDAM) is crucial for ensuring part quality and process stability. It aids in optimising process control, enhancing efficiency, and minimising material waste. Additionally, monitoring provides valuable documentation for regulatory compliance and supports maintenance by tracking equipment performance. Effective monitoring and relevant control enhance process reliability, reduce scrap, and ensure the production of high-quality components. However, current monitoring systems in w-DEDAM face significant challenges. Key issues include a lack of standardisation in monitored variables, leading to inconsistent data and interpretation. Many existing monitoring systems often focus on the adjustable “knob” variable measurements rather than critical factors that more accurately represent physical process conditions. This narrow focus can fail to capture essential aspects of process explanation and part quality. Furthermore, there is a deficiency in integrating monitoring data with digital modelling and qualification methods, limiting the ability to use real-time data for comprehensive process optimisation and predictive analysis. Addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing system effectiveness. In this research, key process variables will be defined and explained to enhance process understanding. A knowledge-driven monitoring framework will be proposed to tackle the issues of standardisation and relevance of monitored parameters, ensuring that critical variables are accurately captured and utilised. Additionally, the study will introduce a commercial industry monitoring software based on this framework, which is currently used in the industry. This software integrates the proposed approach, offering a robust solution for real-time monitoring and process control, thus addressing existing limitations and supporting improved process optimisation and digital modelling.
Open Access
Navigating the landscape through digital human resource management: an initiative to achieve sustainable practices
(Elsevier, 2025-06) Virmani, Naveen; Sharma, Shikha; Kumar, Pranav; Luthra, Sunil; Jain, Vranda; Jagtap, Sandeep
The adoption of Digital Human Resource Management (DHRM) is increasing exponentially in the present market landscape; organizations are curious to digitalize human resource practices and enhance organizational performance. The purpose of the presented research is to assess various factors impacting DHRM adoption. The presented study is grounded in social exchange theory and dynamic capability theory. The survey instrument was developed using a literature review. Data from 269 respondents was collected, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. The research investigated the role of DHRM in achieving organizational performance. Furthermore, the role of sustainable Human Resource Practices (SHRP) is examined as a mediating variable. Also, the impact of Employee Engagement is analyzed on organizational performance. Moreover, the role of Management Support is analyzed to assess the relationship between DHRM, SHRP, and Employee Engagement (EENG). The result indicates that external environmental factors significantly impact DHRM practices. Also, SHRP partially mediates the association between DHRM and EENG. DHRM enables professionals to analyze real-time data, allowing managers to make informed decisions. In today's globalized scenario, the emergence of DHRM concept helps to automate and streamline Human Resource (HR) tasks, including performance management, recruitment, training, and appraisal, which eventually help to attain a sustainable competitive advantage. As found in existing literature, the DHRM domain is novel, and more empirical studies must investigate crucial aspects affecting DHRM adoption. Therefore, this study focuses on bridging the identified gaps.

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