Structural sizing and mass estimation of transport aircraft wings with distributed, hydrogen, and electric propulsions

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dc.contributor.authorTaflan, Murat
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Howard
dc.contributor.authorLoughlan, Joseph
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-10T10:23:30Z
dc.date.available2025-01-10T10:23:30Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-01-10
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.pubOnline2024-11-21
dc.description.abstractCurrent literature offers limited mass estimation methodologies and their application in the conceptual or preliminary design stages of moderate to high aspect ratio wings with electric, hydrogen or distributed propulsions. This study presents the development and application of a quasi-analytical wing mass estimation method to address this limitation. The proposed method is distinguished from the existing mass estimation methods by its expanded realistic load cases, sensitivity to several design parameters, improved accuracy with short computational time and capabilities for future applications. To achieve these features, new geometric models are introduced; 483 load cases including symmetric manoeuvre, rolling, and combined cases are covered following airworthiness requirements; the structural elements are idealised and sized with strength and buckling criteria; existing methods are evaluated and integrated cautiously for secondary structures and non-optimum masses. A computation time of 0.1s is accomplished for one load case. The developed method achieved the highest accuracy with an average error of -2.2% and a standard error of 1.8% for wing mass estimates compared with six existing methods, benchmarked against thirteen wings of different aircraft categories. The effects of engine numbers with dual- to 16-engine setups and the dry wing concepts on the wing mass are investigated. The optimised number of engines and their locations decreased the wing mass of the high aspect ratio wing significantly. In contrast, the dry wing design increased the wing masses of all baseline aircraft. The future applications and improvements of the presented method in novel configurations and multidisciplinary designed optimisation studies are explained.
dc.description.journalNameThe Aeronautical Journal
dc.format.extentpp. 1-27
dc.identifier.citationTaflan M, Smith H, Loughlan J. (2024) Structural sizing and mass estimation of transport aircraft wings with distributed, hydrogen, and electric propulsions. The Aeronautical Journal, Available online 21 November 2024
dc.identifier.eissn2059-6464
dc.identifier.elementsID559051
dc.identifier.issn0001-9240
dc.identifier.issueNoahead-of-print
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.117
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23351
dc.identifier.volumeNoahead-of-print
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCambridge University Press (CUP)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/aeronautical-journal/article/structural-sizing-and-mass-estimation-of-transport-aircraft-wings-with-distributed-hydrogen-and-electric-propulsions/39088FD412837582048C29F6B5C6DC80
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectwing mass estimation
dc.subjectdistributed propulsion
dc.subjecthydrogen propulsion
dc.subjectelectric propulsion
dc.subjectaircraft design
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4001 Aerospace Engineering
dc.subject7 Affordable and Clean Energy
dc.subjectAerospace & Aeronautics
dc.subject35 Commerce, management, tourism and services
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.titleStructural sizing and mass estimation of transport aircraft wings with distributed, hydrogen, and electric propulsions
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-10-02

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