Biochar amendment and water level optimization enhance nitrogen removal and reduce N2O emissions in vertical flow constructed wetlands via metagenomic analysis

dc.contributor.authorWang, Xin
dc.contributor.authorShen, Zhiqiang
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Qin
dc.contributor.authorLyu, Tao
dc.contributor.authorDing, Yanli
dc.contributor.authorBai, Shaoyuan
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-04T12:55:02Z
dc.date.available2025-07-04T12:55:02Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-07-04
dc.date.issued2025-08
dc.date.pubOnline2025-06-11
dc.description.abstractTo explore how biochar influences nitrogen cycling in unsaturated, capillary, and saturated zones of partially saturated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), three parallel VFCWs were established to examine the effects of biochar's better water holding capacity on nitrogen removal and N2O emissions. Microbial mechanisms involved were studied by conducting ETS activity, metagenomic sequencing and performing high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Results indicated that the combination of adding 40 % biochar and maintaining water level of 45 cm facilitated TN removal and suppressed N2O emissions, achieving TN removal efficiency of 73.4 % and N2O/removed TN value of 0.3 %. Within the unsaturated zone, the relative abundance of amoA, hao, and nxrB increased by 929 %, 454 %, and 38.3 %, respectively, enhancing nitrification capacity microorganisms carrying these genes and involved in the oxidation of NH4+-N to NO3--N included Nitrosomonas, Methylosarcina, Nitrosospira, and Methylomonas, whose relative abundance increased by 75.2 %. In the capillary zone, the 19.2 % increase in nosZ (involved in the reduction of N2O to N2) transformed it into a potential N2O consumption layer. The functional genera involved in N2O reduction (Ferrovibrio, Thauera, Ramlibacter, and Hyphomicrobium) in the capillary zone increased by 1724 %, 357 %, 707 %, and 78.5 %, respectively, and the ETS activity in the 40W-CW capillary zone was 72.5 % higher than that of QS-CW. Within the saturated zone, the relative abundance of amoA increased by 591 %, hao by 149 %, and nxrB decreased by 20.0 %, potentially facilitating short-cut denitrification.
dc.description.journalNameJournal of Environmental Management
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52260024, 52360024), the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program (Guike AB22080067).
dc.identifier.citationWang X, Shen Z, Zhang Q, et al., (2025) Biochar amendment and water level optimization enhance nitrogen removal and reduce N2O emissions in vertical flow constructed wetlands via metagenomic analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 389, August 2025, Article number 126133en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1095-8630
dc.identifier.elementsID673714
dc.identifier.issn0301-4797
dc.identifier.paperNo126133
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126133
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/24074
dc.identifier.volumeNo389
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479725021097?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject40 Engineeringen_UK
dc.subject4011 Environmental Engineeringen_UK
dc.subject13 Climate Actionen_UK
dc.subjectBiocharen_UK
dc.subjectConstructed wetlanden_UK
dc.subjectMoistureen_UK
dc.subjectN(2)Oen_UK
dc.subjectWater holding capacityen_UK
dc.subjectWater levelen_UK
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.titleBiochar amendment and water level optimization enhance nitrogen removal and reduce N2O emissions in vertical flow constructed wetlands via metagenomic analysisen_UK
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2025-06-06

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