Public perception of green infrastructure’s role in urban air quality

Abstract

Urban green infrastructure (GI) is recognised for enhancing environmental quality and wellbeing, yet public perceptions of its air quality benefits remain underexplored. This study investigates how residents across two contrasting urban contexts (Bedford and Milton Keynes) view these benefits, and how socio-demographics, proximity, and use frequency shape perceptions. A semi-structured survey of 51 participants combined closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square, and thematic coding identified key patterns. Findings show strong agreement (90.2%) that green spaces improve air quality, supported by a reliable attitudinal scale (Cronbach’s α = 0.771). Mature, evergreen, and mixed vegetation were rated higher than single-species or newly planted areas, indicating preference for diverse, stable planting. Visit frequency strongly correlated with belief in benefits (p < 0.001), and proximity influenced visitation (p = 0.02). Socioeconomic differences appeared: lower- and middle-income groups relied more on public green spaces, while some higher-income respondents were more sceptical. Despite concern over pollution, awareness and use of air quality indices were limited, with reliance on sensory cues. The study highlights the importance of context-sensitive, equitable, and communicatively effective GI planning to maximise ecological and social benefits.