A hierarchical spatial and temporal optimisation of the air-high speed rail intermodal network

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dc.contributor.authorLu, Mengyuan
dc.contributor.authorPerez, Edgar Jimenez
dc.contributor.authorMason, Keith
dc.contributor.authorLi, Max Z.
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-20T16:53:20Z
dc.date.available2024-12-20T16:53:20Z
dc.date.freetoread2024-12-20
dc.date.issued2025-02-01
dc.date.pubOnline2024-12-07
dc.description.abstractSpatial and temporal coordination of air-high speed rail (HSR) intermodal networks is important to reduce emission, improve service, enhance efficiency, and reduce costs in the provision of air-HSR integration. This paper constructs a hierarchical optimisation model that first considers a spatial scope to solve the problem of route allocation and frequency choice which minimises total environmental, operational and passenger cost with a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model, based on a demand estimation for passenger trips between city pairs. Then, the second hierarchical level of the model considers a temporal scope to maximise connection opportunities between the resulting air and HSR networks using time windows to adjust frequencies with a Prescriptive Integer Quadratic Programming (PIQP) model. An application to a network of 40 cities in mainland China with both air and HSR transport service shows that the total emission of the network can be reduced by 22 %. Comparative analyses show that optimising for passenger costs favours increased air travel on medium- and long-haul routes, while an emissions-focused approach encourages a shift toward HSR for short and medium distances. Sensitivity analyses on carbon pricing further highlight the potential of gradual price adjustments to incentivise lower-emission modes without requiring additional HSR infrastructure.
dc.description.journalNameJournal of Transport Geography
dc.identifier.citationLu M, Perez EJ, Mason K, Li MZ. (2025) A hierarchical spatial and temporal optimisation of the air-high speed rail intermodal network. Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 123, February 2025, Article number 104085
dc.identifier.elementsID559934
dc.identifier.issn0966-6923
dc.identifier.paperNo104085
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.104085
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23304
dc.identifier.volumeNo123
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692324002941?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject33 Built Environment and Design
dc.subject35 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
dc.subject44 Human Society
dc.subject3509 Transportation, Logistics and Supply Chains
dc.subject4406 Human Geography
dc.subject3304 Urban and Regional Planning
dc.subjectLogistics & Transportation
dc.subject3304 Urban and regional planning
dc.subject3509 Transportation, logistics and supply chains
dc.subject4406 Human geography
dc.titleA hierarchical spatial and temporal optimisation of the air-high speed rail intermodal network
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-11-28

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