Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis and intercomparison

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dc.contributor.authorLang, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorBreitfuss, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.authorSchweighart, Simon
dc.contributor.authorBreitegger, Philipp
dc.contributor.authorPervier, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorTramposch, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorKlug, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorHassler, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.authorBergmann, Alexander
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-16T10:45:38Z
dc.date.available2021-04-16T10:45:38Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-31
dc.description.abstractThis work describes the latest design, calibration and application of a near-infrared laser diode-based photoacoustic (PA) hygrometer developed for total water content measurement in simulated atmospheric freezing precipitation and high ice water content conditions with relevance in fundamental icing research, aviation testing, and certification. The single-wavelength and single-pass PA absorption cell is calibrated for molar water vapor fractions with a two-pressure humidity generator integrated into the instrument. Laboratory calibration showed an estimated measurement accuracy better than 3.3 % in the water vapor mole fraction range of 510–12 360 ppm (5 % from 250–21 200 ppm) with a theoretical limit of detection (3σ) of 3.2 ppm. The hygrometer is examined in combination with a basic isokinetic evaporator probe (IKP) and sampling system designed for icing wind tunnel applications, for which a general description of total condensed water content (CWC) measurements and uncertainties are presented. Despite the current limitation of the IKP to a hydrometeor mass flux below 90 gm-2s, a CWC measurement accuracy better than 20 % is achieved by the instrument above a CWC of 0.14 g m−3 in cold air (−30 ∘C) with suitable background humidity measurement. Results of a comparison to the Cranfield University IKP instrument in freezing drizzle and rain show a CWC agreement of the two instruments within 20 %, which demonstrates the potential of PA hygrometers for water content measurement in atmospheric icing conditionsen_UK
dc.identifier.citationLang B, Breitfuss W, Schweighart S, et al., (2021) Photoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis and intercomparison. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Volume14, Issue 3, March 2021, pp. 2477-2500en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1867-1381
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2477-2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16587
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherEuropean Geosciences Unionen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectCalibrationen_UK
dc.subjectnear-infrared laser diode-based photoacoustic (PA) hygrometeren_UK
dc.titlePhotoacoustic hygrometer for icing wind tunnel water content measurement: design, analysis and intercomparisonen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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