​​The Role of Blockchain in Enhancing Transparency and Security in Port Logistics Networks​

Abstract

Port logistics networks face significant challenges posed by information silos and a lack of collaborative trust. Although blockchain technology is widely regarded as a promising solution, the failure of large-scale projects such as TradeLens has revealed a critical gap between technological potential and practical application, particularly concerning non-technical barriers such as governance. To address this gap, this study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, adhering to the PRISMA framework, to synthesise and analyse 43 core academic papers. This analysis first identifies multi-layered technical frameworks proposed in the literature to enhance transparency (e.g., end-to-end traceability, document digitisation) and security (e.g., smart contracts, permissioned chains). However, the most significant finding is that the primary barriers to adoption are not technical, but institutional. Two core dilemmas were identified:‘Governance over technology’, emphasising the primacy of establishing equitable, neutral collaborative models; and ‘Scenarios over platforms’, indicating that applications focused on specific problems are currently more feasible than large-scale platforms. The paper's principal original contribution lies in proposing an integrative conceptual framework. By positioning ‘governance models’ and ‘application scenarios’ as key variables regulating technological implementation success, this framework challenges prevailing technodeterminist perspectives. The findings provide critical theoretical insights and practical guidance for managers, technology developers, and policymakers navigating the complexities of blockchain adoption in port logistics.