Development of a testing protocol for oil solidifier effectiveness evaluation

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dc.contributor.authorSundaravadivelu, Devi
dc.contributor.authorSuidan, Makram T.
dc.contributor.authorVenosa, Albert D.
dc.contributor.authorRosales, Pablo I.
dc.contributor.authorCampo Moreno, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorConmy, Robyn N.
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-16T08:39:09Z
dc.date.available2016-08-16T08:39:09Z
dc.date.issued2016-02-04
dc.description.abstractChemical countermeasures for oil spill remediation have to be evaluated and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency before they may be used to remove or control oil discharges. Solidifiers are chemical agents that change oil from a liquid to a solid by immobilizing the oil and bonding the liquid into a solid carpet-like mass with minimal volume increase. Currently, they are listed as Miscellaneous Oil Spill Control Agent in the National Contingency Plan and there is no protocol for evaluating their effectiveness. An investigation was conducted to test the oil removal efficiency of solidifiers using three newly developed testing protocols. The protocols were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated to determine if they can satisfactorily differentiate effective and mediocre products while still accounting for experimental error. The repeatability of the three protocols was 15.9, 5.1, and 2.7 %. The protocol with the best performance involved measuring the amount of free oil remaining in the water after the solidified product was removed using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and it was adopted to study the effect of solidifier-to-oil mass ratio, mixing energy, salinity, and beaker size (i.e., area affected by the spill) on solidifier efficiency. Analysis of Variances were performed on the data collected and results indicated that the beaker size increased spreading, which reduced removal efficiency. Mixing speed appears to impart a ceiling effect with no additional benefit provided by the highest level over the middle level. Salinity was found to be mostly an insignificant factor on performance.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationSundaravadivelu, D. et al. (2016) Development of a testing protocol for oil solidifier effectiveness evaluation, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Vol. 18, Iss. 4, pp1141-1150en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1618-954X
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1107-1
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10310
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherSpringer Verlagen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 (CC BY-NC 3.0) You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Information: Non-Commercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
dc.subjectOil spillen_UK
dc.subjectOil solidifieren_UK
dc.subjectCrude oilen_UK
dc.subjectSalinityen_UK
dc.subjectProtocolen_UK
dc.subjectEffectivenessen_UK
dc.titleDevelopment of a testing protocol for oil solidifier effectiveness evaluationen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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