Browsing by Author "Rijns, Steven"

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    Comparative analysis of RANS and DDES methods for aerodynamic performance predictions for high performance vehicles at low ground clearances
    (2023-04-21) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Brighton, James
    Various assessments of RANS and Hybrid RANS-LES turbulence models have been conducted for automotive applications. However, their applicability for high performance vehicles which exhibit much more complex flow phenomena is not well studied yet. In this work, the predictive capabilities of RANS and DDES models are investigated through a comparative study on a high performance configuration of the DrivAer Fastback model at a low ground clearance in an open road computational domain. The results show much agreement in the general pressure distribution, except in areas of highly unsteady flow. Visualisation of the flow field depicts that the DDES simulation is able to capture a wider range of turbulent scales with a higher fidelity. Lastly, variation in the magnitude, distribution and decay of pressure losses in the wake are observed between both simulations. The presented results are used to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of these turbulence models for other academic or industrial users to make an informed decision on the turbulence model suited for their objectives.
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    Dataset DrivAer hp-F: Force Measurements at Various Rear Wing Angles of Attack
    (Cranfield University, 2024-04-30 10:36) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Brighton, James
    Dataset for the aerodynamic force measurements on the 35% scale DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration using the moving ground facility in the 8x6 Wind Tunnel at Cranfield University. The dataset includes aerodynamic force coefficients results from the moving ground experiments on the DrivAer hp-F with rear wing angle of attack settings ranging from 0°-27.5°. The measurements have been conducted three times at each angle of attack setting for repeatability. In reference to the publication: Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, James Brighton; Effects of cornering conditions on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-performance vehicle and its rear wing. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045119. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204204 CAD files for the DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration are available at: Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James (2024). DrivAer hp-F: Spoiler & Rear Wing Configurations Geometry Pack. Cranfield Online Research Data (CORD). Dataset. https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.25715202 '
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    Dataset DrivAer hp-F: Force Measurements in Yaw Conditions
    (Cranfield University, 2024-04-30 10:34) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James
    Dataset for the aerodynamic force measurements conducted on the 35% scale DrivAer hp-F model at various yaw angles in the 8x6 wind Tunnel at Cranfield University. The dataset includes aerodynamic force coefficients results from measurement on the following vehicle configurations: - DrivAer hp-F standard configuration (no spoiler or rear wing) - DrivAer hp-F spoiler configuration - DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration The measurements on the DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration have been conducted three times for repeability. In reference to the publication: Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, Anderson Ramos Proenca, James Brighton; Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045112. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196979 CAD files for the DrivAer hp-F configurations are available at: Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James (2024). DrivAer hp-F: Spoiler & Rear Wing Configurations Geometry Pack. Cranfield Online Research Data (CORD). Dataset. https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.25715202
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    Dataset DrivAer hp-F: Surface Pressure Measurements in Yaw Conditions
    (Cranfield University, 2024-04-30 10:42) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James
    Dataset for the surface pressure measurements conducted on the 35% scale DrivAer hp-F model at various yaw angles in the 8x6 Wind Tunnel at Cranfield University. The dataset includes the surface pressure coefficient results from measurements on the slant of the following vehicle configurations: - DrivAer hp-F standard configuration (no spoiler or rear wing) - DrivAer hp-F spoiler configuration - DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration The measurements on the DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration have been conducted three times for repeatability. The dataset also includes a log file of the data structure and wind tunnel conditions for each experiment. In reference to the publication: Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, Anderson Ramos Proenca, James Brighton; Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045112. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196979 CAD files for the DrivAer hp-F configurations are available at: Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James (2024). DrivAer hp-F: Spoiler & Rear Wing Configurations Geometry Pack. Cranfield Online Research Data (CORD). Dataset. https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.25715202
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    Dataset DrivAer hp-F: Wake Total Pressure Measurements in Yaw Conditions
    (Cranfield University, 2024-04-30 10:39) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James
    Dataset for the wake total pressure measurements conducted on the 35% scale DrivAer hp-F model at various yaw angles in the 8x6 Wind Tunnel at Cranfield University. The measurements are performed on the DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration with an angle of attack of 15°. The dataset includes the total pressure coefficient results from measurements on the P1, P2, and P3 wake planes, which are located 400 mm, 700 mm, and 1000 mm downstream of the vehicle model respectively. Additionally, the horizontal and vertical measurements positions (in mm) are provided for each wake plane. A horizontal sweep on the P3 wake plane has been conducted three times for repeatability. In reference to the publication: Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, Anderson Ramos Proenca, James Brighton; Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045112. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196979 CAD files for the DrivAer hp-F rear wing configuration are available at: Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James (2024). DrivAer hp-F: Spoiler & Rear Wing Configurations Geometry Pack. Cranfield Online Research Data (CORD). Dataset. https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.25715202
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    DrivAer hp-F: Spoiler & Rear Wing Configurations Geometry Pack
    (Cranfield University, 2024-04-30 09:44) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James
    CAD geometry files for the 35% scale high-performance DrivAer model (DrivAer hp-F). The dataset includes CAD files for the: - DrivAer hp-F vehicle body, equipped with a 41 mm front bumper splitter, a full set of large forebody strakes, and a 10° underbody multichannel diffuser. - Rear wing with a NACA 6412 profile, chord of 110 mm, and span of 420 mm. - Spoiler with a plate size of 350 x 80 mm at a 40° angle of attack - Wheels (stationary and rotating) In reference to the publications: Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, Anderson Ramos Proenca, James Brighton; Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045112. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196979 Steven Rijns, Tom-Robin Teschner, Kim Blackburn, James Brighton; Effects of cornering conditions on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-performance vehicle and its rear wing. Physics of Fluids 1 April 2024; 36 (4): 045119. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204204 This geometry pack uses components from the original DrivAer hp-F: the CAD geometry pack collection: Soares, Renan francisco; Olives, Sergio Goñalons; Knowles, Andrew Paul; Garry, Kevin; Holt, Jenny (2018). DrivAer hp-F: the CAD geometry pack. Cranfield Online Research Data (CORD). Collection. https://doi.org/10.17862/cranfield.rd.c.3969120
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    Effects of cornering conditions on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-performance vehicle and its rear wing
    (American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2024-04-09) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Brighton, James
    This study investigates the aerodynamic behavior of a high-performance vehicle and the interaction with its rear wing in straight-line and steady-state cornering conditions. Analyses are performed with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes based computational fluid dynamics simulations using a moving reference frame and overset mesh technique, validated against moving ground wind tunnel experiments. The results indicate a significant 20% decrease in downforce and 35% increase in drag compared to straight-line conditions at the smallest considered corner radius of 2.9 car-lengths. Downforce losses primarily stem from performance deficits on the underbody and rear wing, alongside elevated upper body lift. Drag penalties mainly result from additional pressure drag induced by a recirculation wake vortex generated behind the vehicle's inboard side. The vehicle's lateral pressure distribution is also affected, introducing a centripetal force that increases with smaller corner radii. Additionally, analyses of the rear wing reveal alternations of its aerodynamic characteristics in cornering, particularly impacting vortical flow and suction on the lower surface. Throughout the operating conditions, the rear wing's individual downforce contribution falls off beyond its stall angle. At higher angles of attack, the rear wing primarily generates downforce by pressurizing the vehicle's upper surfaces, but its interaction with the near-wake leads to a substantially increased pressure drag. Overall, these findings provide crucial insights into the intricate aerodynamic interactions of high-performance vehicles in diverse operating conditions as well as form an essential foundation for future research on static and active aerodynamic designs in the pursuit to optimize vehicle performance in dynamic driving conditions.
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    Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions
    (AIP Publishing, 2024-04-05) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Ramos Proenca, Anderson; Brighton, James
    This study investigates the impact of yaw conditions on the aerodynamic performance and flow field of three high-performance vehicle model configurations by means of wind tunnel testing and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics simulations. While yaw effects on automotive vehicles have been explored, the effects on far more complex flow fields of high-performance vehicles remain insufficiently researched. This paper reveals that yaw conditions have a significant negative influence both downforce and drag performance. Spoiler and rear wing devices enhance downforce but increase the vehicle's sensitivity to yaw. Furthermore, yaw conditions significantly alter vortex structures and local flow velocities, affecting downstream flow behavior. Surface pressure measurements on the slant confirm these findings and highlight notable yaw effects and upstream effects from spoiler and rear wing devices. Wake analyses through total pressure measurements show that yaw induces a substantial deviation from straight-line wake characteristics, which become dominated by an inboard rotating vehicle body vortex. Overall, this research enhances the understanding of the effects of yaw conditions on high-performance vehicle aerodynamics and provides valuable data for future vehicle aerodynamics research in real-world operating conditions.
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    Integrated numerical and experimental workflow for high-performance vehicle aerodynamics
    (Society of Automotive Engineers, 2024-02-06) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Brighton, James
    The high-performance and motorsport vehicle sectors are pushing the performance frontiers of aerodynamically efficient vehicles. Well-balanced use of accurate and consistent numerical simulation tools in combination with wind tunnel experiments is crucial for cost-effective aerodynamic research and development processes. Therefore, this study assesses the simulation performance of four Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models in relation to experimental and high-fidelity delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) data for the aerodynamic assessment of a high-performance variant of the DrivAer model (DrivAer hp-F). The influences of predominant wind tunnel conditions on the vehicle’s aerodynamic force coefficients and flow field are also investigated. Additionally, a novel CFD-based blockage correction method is introduced and applied to evaluate the accuracy of conventional blockage correction methods. Among the RANS models, the k-ω SST model exhibited notable relative accuracy in the prediction of force coefficients and demonstrated generally the best correlation with detailed DDES flow field data. The wind tunnel blockage effect caused a 9% increase in downforce and 16% increase in drag, whereas the interference effects from the overhead measurement system reduced downforce by 4% and drag by 8%. The novel CFD-based blockage correction method confirmed that conventional blockage correction methods adequately estimate the dynamic pressure in proximity of a wind tunnel model (<3%), but do not consider local effects on downforce and drag individually. Overall, the research extends beyond prior work on automotive applications, contributing to the advancement of aerodynamic research methodologies suitable for the complex flow fields of high-performance vehicles.
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    Performance analyses of active aerodynamic load balancing designs on high-performance vehicles in cornering conditions
    (AIP Publishing, 2024-08-29) Rijns, Steven; Teschner, Tom-Robin; Blackburn, Kim; Brighton, James
    This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the impact of active aerodynamic load balancing (AALB) on the cornering performance of high-performance vehicles. The research explores the use of active asymmetric aerodynamic devices, specifically split and tilted rear wing concepts, capable of manipulating vertical wheel loads and counteracting effects of lateral load transfer during cornering. The performance potential of AALB is assessed through quasi-steady static coupling of aerodynamic data with a detailed vehicle dynamics model. The findings show that inside bias operating states of the split rear wing and tilted rear wing concepts, which favor loads on the inside tires, can improve cornering velocities up to 0.5% and 2% compared to high symmetric operating states, respectively. Noteworthy, through effective distribution of aerodynamic loads, the inside bias operating states produce less downforce and drag, thereby reducing the propulsion power required to overcome drag by 15%–20%, depending on the cornering condition. The tilted rear wing concept demonstrates the highest AALB capability and most consistent response to its control strategy, accredited to its ability to generate vertical and horizontal aerodynamic force components. It can, therefore, achieve over 1% higher maximum cornering velocities compared to the split rear wing, while also offering efficiency benefits. Overall, the research highlights the effectiveness of AALB in improving cornering performance and efficiency, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced active aerodynamic solutions in automotive design and paving the way for future advancements in the field.