19th CIRP Design Conference – Competitive Design, 2009

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https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3539

Editors: Rajkumar Roy and Essam Shehab
Organised by: Cranfield University
Sponsored by: Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Company
ISBN: 978-0-9557436-4-1

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 86

Open Access
We are Designers Because We Can Abstract
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Adel, A.; Djeridi, R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Due to the increasing systems complexity, architecture design became an important issue. It gained interest and its importance was framed in three domains: as a way to understand complex systems, to design them, to manage their manufacturing process and to provide long-term rationality. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to survey the existing definition approaches on architecture. Secondly, we propose a model for architecture design which articulates the potential linkage between two principle concepts: synthesis and abstraction. Our proposal model focuses on abstraction concept and permits an effective top-down design approach. It helps also designers to more respond to issues that characterize architecture design.
Open Access
How to Answer to the Challenges of Competencies Management in Collaborative Product Design?
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Rose, B.; Robin, V.; Sperandio, S.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Collaboration is an essential factor of the design activities performance. This collaboration occurs between actors suited with varied expertises, coming from various trades and thus building a real network around the design project. It is advisable to manage with effectiveness the follow-up and the capitalization of information exchanged within this network. With the aim of increasing the performance of the design activity, the set up of competence management tools within the design teams is today necessary. However, these competencies management within a framework of collaborative design must answer various challenges. This article presents various proposals to answer them.
Open Access
Modelling the Product Development performance of Colombian Companies
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Herrera-Hernandez, M. C.; Luna, C.; Prada, L.; Berdugo, C.; Al-Ashaab, Ahmed; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
This paper presents the general model of the Product Development Process (PDP) in the Metal mechanics Industry in Barranquilla-Colombia, since this sector contributes significantly to the productivity of this industrial city. This case study counted on a five-company sample. The main goal was to model the current conditions of the PDP according to the Concurrent Engineering philosophy. The companies were selected according to their productive profile, in order to contrast differences regarding the structure of their productive processes, conformation of multidisciplinary teams, integration of different areas, customers and suppliers to the PDP; human resources, information, technology and marketing constraints.
Open Access
European-wide Formation and Certification for the Competitive Edge in Integrated Design
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Riel, A.; Tichkiewitch, S.; Messnarz, R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Competitive Product Design is more and more linked to mastering the challenge of the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of modern products in an integrated fashion from the very earliest phases of product development. Design Engineers are increasingly confronted with the need to master several different engineering disciplines in order to get a sufficient understanding of a product or service. Industrialists demand for the certification of these skills, as well as for their international recognition and exchangeability. This paper describes the approach that EMIRAcle takes together with the ECQA in order to define and establish job roles, curricula and certifications in the domain of Integrated Engineering on a European level.
Open Access
Interrelating Products through Properties via Patent Analysis
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Verhaegen, P.-A.; D'hondt, J.; Vertommen, J.; Dewulf, S.; Duflou, J. R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
TRIZ emerged from systematic analysis of patents, a process involving the mapping of innovative patents to extracted generic problems and generic inventive principles. During problem solving, TRIZ users, relying on their TRIZ skills, map their specific problem to a generic problem, solve it via TRIZ tools, and map back to a specific solution. A methodology and algorithm are proposed that, through identification of specific word categories in patents, analysis of term-term correlation data, and data mining techniques, automatically identify similar products, and properties relating or differentiating products. This algorithm can quantifiably guide creativity efforts and aid in patent portfolio management.
Open Access
A TRIZ Based Methodology for the Analysis of the Coupling Problems in Complex Engineering Design
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Fei, G.; Gao, James X.; Tang, X. Q.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Conceptual design is a critical and innovative stage in engineering product and system design. In the conceptual design process, it would be ideal if all functional requirements are maintained independently according to the law of Axiomatic Design theory. However, in practice, especially in complex engineering product and system design, more often the requirements are not independent (or coupled), and this makes conceptual design more difficult. In this paper, a coupling analysis methodology, framework and related techniques are proposed which integrate axiomatic design with the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), in order to identify and analyse the coupling problems existing in conceptual design. An illustrative example is also presented.
Open Access
Grid Services for Multi-objective Optimisation
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Goteng, Gokop; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Roy, Rajkumar; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The emerging grid technology is defined as an infrastructure for secure and coordinated large-scale resource sharing. In this paper, we describe the architecture and grid services of DECGrid. DECGrid enables distributed design experts to collaborate and share resources during design optimisation. Mathematical models are built using services by experts. These models are then directly linked to NSGA-II optimisation algorithm service and allow design experts to enter design parameters of their choice. A real-life case study-welded beam problem was used to validate the prototype. The results obtained showed a wider spread in the solution space compared to the results in literature.
Open Access
Scenarios and the Design Process in Medical Applications
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Rasoulifar, R.; Thomann, G.; Villeneuve, F.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Scenario has been largely used in design progression of different engineering disciplines, mostly in software engineering and Human-Machine Interaction. Scenario helps the software designers to border on the user and usage requirements. Although the design process in many fields of product engineering deals with tasks and functions, and step away from the final users, in medical and healthcare product design the understanding and specification of user requirements become an important issue. Thus, scenario can play an essential role as a tool for engineers to help them to identify and determine the usage of the medical devices. This paper investigates the use of scenarios in design development of healthcare products, and proposes a new concept of using scenarios in the evaluation phase of user dependent healthcare products. Our proposed model for scenario driven approach represents the confrontation between engineering (device design) and medical (usage), through the scenario specification. The new scenario specifies: cure procedure, device functions, usage situation and observation.
Open Access
Design and Manufacturing Uncertainties in Cost Estimating within the Bid Process: Results from an Industry Survey
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Parekh, S.; Roy, Rajkumar; Baguley, Paul; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
This paper discusses the issues of the bidding process with emphasis on the design and manufacturing uncertainties that can occur. The context of the paper is within manufacturing companies and in particular within the Defence sector. The paper presents the bidding process of a large Manufacturing company and details the main challenges and uncertainties that may occur. It also discusses the methods that are currently used to tackle uncertainty. The results of an industry survey compare the practices of other manufacturing companies and highlight the challenges at the bidding stage. The paper concludes that the development of an appropriate framework is necessary in order to effectively manage uncertainty at the bid stage.
Open Access
The Drift of the Xsens Moven Motion Capturing Suit during Common Movements in a Working Environment
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Damgrave, R. G. J.; Lutters, D.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
When using inertial motion capturing technology, the accuracy of the results is strongly influenced by the socalled drift. This paper describes the drift of an Xsens Moven motion capturing suit during common movements, measured in a standard working environment. The test is performed in a room not shielded from magnetic disturbances, to acquire insight on how accurate the absolute position determination of the motion capturing system is during use in a standard environment. The test is performed by walking a path with the same start and end point, and reviewing the measured difference in the absolute position of one sensor.
Open Access
ED100: Shifting Paradigms in Design Education and Student Thinking at KAIST
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Thompson, M. K.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Freshman design courses offer a number of benefits to incoming students and are becoming increasingly popular in universities around the world. At KAIST, an innovative freshman design program has been developed that challenges some of the existing paradigms in design education in general and freshman design education in particular. This paper will discuss the basic format, goals, and philosophy for the freshman design program at KAIST. It will also address the successes, challenges, and future implications for the course.
Open Access
A User Centred Approach to Eliciting and Representing Experience in Surgical Instrument Development
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Restrepo, J.; Nielsen, T. A.; Pedersen, S. M.; McAloone, Timothy Charles; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Requirements elicitation for surgical equipment development is a challenging task. On the one hand, designers need to acquire a significant amount of domain and procedural knowledge to understand and discuss surgical tasks, which is difficult and resource intensive. On the other hand, there are restrictions to surgeons observation related to ethics, regulations and availability. This paper proposes a framework for the elicitation, representation and communication of surgeons’ experience and their translation into requirements and concepts for new surgical instrument development. The framework is showcased by the development of an improved surgical instrument for laparoscopic surgery.
Open Access
Set-Based Design Method Reflecting the Different Designers’ Intentions
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Inoue, M.; Ishikawa, H.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The previous series of the study have proposed a preference set-based design (PSD) method that enables the flexible and robust design under various sources of uncertainties. In contrast to the traditional design method, this method generates a ranged set of design solutions that satisfy sets of performance requirements. In this study, a system based on PSD is implemented by combination of 3D-CAD and CAE, and the system is applied to a real industrial design problem, i.e., automotive front-side frame. This paper, also, discusses the applicability of the system for obtaining the multi-objective satisfactory design solutions reflecting the different designers’ intentions.
Open Access
An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus To Promote Better Collaboration, Creativity and Discovery
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Stroble, J. K.; Stone, R. B.; McAdams, D. A.; Watkins, S. E.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Biological inspiration for engineering design has occurred through a variety of techniques such as database searches, keyword and antonym searches, knowledge of biology, observations of nature and other “aha” moments. This research aims to alleviate the knowledge gap problem by providing a link between engineering and biology with a thesaurus. The biologically connotative terms that comprise the thesaurus were collected utilizing an organized verb-noun search; collocated words were extracted from texts based on a functional search word. This thesaurus should enable the engineering and biology communities to better collaborate, create and discover.
Open Access
Modular product design and customization
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Pandremenos, J.; Chryssolouris, G.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The paper deals with modular design architecture and its capabilities for easy and fast customization in products. The basic principles of modularity are mentioned and the most known methodologies and tools for modular product design are reported. The way modularity can facilitate a product’s customization is being addressed. With the help of a modular real test case, a motorcycle helmet, the capabilities of modularity in customization are illustrated and a customization procedure is described. The conclusions drawn in the final section of the paper indicate that although many modular design methods exist none of them is capable to provide the optimum design solution. However, all of these methods undeniably facilitate the customization of products.
Open Access
Supporting Knitwear Design Using Case-Based Reasoning
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Richards, P.; Ekárt, A.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Knitwear design is a creative activity that is hard to automate using the computer. The production of the associated knitting pattern, however, is repetitive, time-consuming and error-prone, calling for automation. Our objectives are two-fold: to facilitate the design and to ease the burden of calculations and checks in pattern production. We conduct a feasibility study for applying case-based reasoning in knitwear design: we describe appropriate methods and show how they can be implemented.
Open Access
Function Orientation beyond Development – Use Cases in the Late Phases of the Product Life Cycle
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Warkentin, A.; Gausemeier, J.; Herbst, J.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The importance of a function driven way of working in the field of Electric/Electronic-systems (E/E) is increasing. However, the existing methods are focusing on the development phase. In contrast to this, we performed a comprehensive use case analysis concentrating on the late phases of the product life cycle. In this paper we describe the results of this analysis by illustrating the main use cases identified. For each use case we present a solution of how to exploit potential of function orientation. Based on this we will be able to define a concept of a function-oriented representation.
Open Access
Design Interference Detector-A Tool for Predicting Intrinsic Design Failures
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) D’Amelio, V.; Tomiyama, Tetsuo; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Intricate failures at the system integration phase of the design are mostly generated by interactions of product modules or/and engineering domains. Modules of the product are tested independently and when their integration is performed, design failures are detected. This significantly delays the machine development. This paper aims at introducing a software tool able to predict phenomena which generate destructive couplings of engineering domains and product modules. An example shows how these couplings influence the system behaviors. The analysis is conducted at the conceptual deign level and makes use of qualitative data to reason out behaviors of the product.
Open Access
Scenario-Based Evaluation of Perception of Picture Quality Failures in LCD Televisions
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Keijzers, J.; Scholten, L.; Lu, Y.; den Ouden, E.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
In innovative Consumer Electronics products, such as LCD televisions, consumers often perceive the product's malfunctioning differently than designers do. To support critical design decisions, it is therefore important to understand how consumers perceive potential product failures. This paper discusses the development of realistic failure scenarios related to the picture quality of an LCD television. The impact of television content as well as failure origin on the perception of failures is evaluated in an experiment. Advantages and drawbacks of using the scenarios to evaluate design decisions, and implications for further research are discussed.
Open Access
Educating T-shaped Design, Business and Engineering Professionals
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Karjalainen, T-M.; Koria, M.; Salimäki, M.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The paper provides an insight into the International Design Business Management Program (IDBM), an attempt to educate T-shaped professionals who can combine design, business and technology knowledge. IDBM is creating a new master program, in which solid theoretical basis, delivery methods, and structure are being developed to improve both coherence and relevance within the curriculum. To contribute to the coherence of systemic competence development, a model of five major dimensions – tools, environment, management, process, organisation (TEMPO) – is proposed. To ensure the relevance of the program, four professional orientation tracks are built into the curriculum; research, management, consulting and entrepreneurship.