Experimental investigations on solid and metal-cored creep-resistant wires deposited under GMA and PTA-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorIqbal, Hambal
dc.contributor.authorPardal, Goncalo
dc.contributor.authorSuder, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorAscari, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorFortunato, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorLiverani, Erica
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Stewart W.
dc.contributor.authorNeto, Leonor
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-13T10:12:08Z
dc.date.available2025-02-13T10:12:08Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-02-13
dc.date.issued2025-01-01
dc.date.pubOnline2024-12-17
dc.description.abstractWire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), also known as Arc-DED, possesses great potential for efficient production using various materials and wire types. This study utilized gas metal arc (GMA) and plasma transferred arc (PTA) variants of WAAM to deposit 2.25Cr-1Mo steel employing a metal-cored wire (MCW) and a solid wire counterpart having the same chemical composition for the comparative study. Initially, bead-on-plate trials were conducted with both WAAM processes and different shielding gas combinations in GMA-WAAM using the cored wire. The heat input versus deposition ratio was analysed to assess the heat input and the effects of shielding gases in GMA-WAAM. Arc behaviour was monitored with a process camera, and bead morphologies and dilutions were compared. Furthermore, test walls were deposited under the two WAAM processes and the shielding gas conditions, employing the cored and solid wire. Detailed microstructural study was conducted through optical microscopy, and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the elemental composition and potential segregation in walls deposited with cored and solid wires. Results indicated a lower heat input when using cored wire and variable heat input due to shielding gases. A bainitic/martensitic microstructure was observed in test walls deposited with cored and solid wires with comparable microstructural features. The PTA process produced higher hardness than GMA, and solid wire exhibited slightly higher hardness than cored wire. Selection of shielding gas also influenced the hardness. Finally, the EDS maps and elemental study revealed comparable results for both wires. The results show good performance and outcome for cored wire.
dc.description.journalNameThe International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
dc.format.extentpp. 1207-1229
dc.identifier.citationIqbal H, Pardal G, Suder W, et al., (2025) Experimental investigations on solid and metal-cored creep-resistant wires deposited under GMA and PTA-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Volume 136, January 2025, pp. 1207-1229
dc.identifier.eissn1433-3015
dc.identifier.elementsID560952
dc.identifier.issn0268-3768
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-14926-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23471
dc.identifier.volumeNo136
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.publisher.urihttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-024-14926-5
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectWAAM
dc.subjectCored wire
dc.subjectDED-arc
dc.subjectMetal additive manufacturing
dc.subjectPTA
dc.subject4014 Manufacturing Engineering
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subjectIndustrial Engineering & Automation
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject46 Information and computing sciences
dc.subject49 Mathematical sciences
dc.titleExperimental investigations on solid and metal-cored creep-resistant wires deposited under GMA and PTA-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2026-12-09

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Experimental_investigations_on_solid-2025.pdf
Size:
6.44 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.63 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download

Collections

Library Deposit Administration