Evolution and application of dimensional metrology: a comparative review

Abstract

Metrology, the science of measurement, has significantly evolved to meet the demands of modern industries. This paper explores the historical significance, technological advancements, and contemporary applications of metrology, highlighting key technologies like laser trackers, photogrammetry, interferometers, optical fibres, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), coordinate measuring Arms (CMA), electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM), and digital metrology tools. Each technology’s unique capabilities, such as high precision, long-range measurement, and data integration, are compared, emphasizing their roles in fields like aerospace and manufacturing. The comparative analysis provides insights into the advantages and limitations of these technologies, offering guidance for selecting appropriate metrology solutions. Additionally, the potential future advancements in metrology, driven by innovations in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and digital twins, are discussed. This paper accentuates metrology’s pivotal role in enhancing measurement accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in various engineering and manufacturing processes.