Blast wave ingress into a room through an opening – review of past research and US DoD UFC 3-340-02

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dc.contributor.authorEytan, Alex
dc.contributor.authorForth, Shaun A.
dc.contributor.authorPickering, Erik G.
dc.contributor.authorHazael, Rachael
dc.contributor.authorBurrows, Stephanie J.
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-22T13:40:30Z
dc.date.available2024-10-22T13:40:30Z
dc.date.freetoread2024-10-22
dc.date.issued2024-10-19
dc.date.pubOnline2024-10-19
dc.description.abstractBlast wave ingress into a room through a facade opening results in complex pressure-time loadings on interior surfaces due to shock diffraction and interior reflections. The U.S. DoD UFC 3-340-02 Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions includes a method to predict internal loading for such cases. Parameters such as the opening size, room dimensions and the external pressure wave characteristics influence the interior loading. Recent work suggests that the UFC methodology might overpredict the interior loading by some 600%. Such conservatism can result in over-engineered or prohibitively expensive protective solutions. In this paper we critically review the methodology of the UFC, that of Kaplan’s preceding work (on which the UFC relies), and the experimental data that informed both these works. Through a series of 45 case-studies we compare the UFC and Kaplan’s predictions with those of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The UFC consistently overpredicts the CFD area-averaged peak pressure of the back wall by up to 290% and the side-wall by up to 425%. Similarly, the UFC overpredicted the CFD side wall positive phase impulse by up to 565%. By contrast, the UFC predicted back wall positive phase impulse was similar to the CFD results. As our CFD results for side and back walls are area averaged, and not solely for the wall centre-point, as in other recent work, our paper gives support for the use of CFD prediction over the UFC for cost-effective design of structures to resist blast ingress.
dc.description.journalNameInternational Journal of Protective Structures
dc.identifier.citationEytan A, Forth SA, Pickering EG, et al., (2024) Blast wave ingress into a room through an opening – review of past research and US DoD UFC 3-340-02. International Journal of Protective Structures, Available online 19 October 2024
dc.identifier.eissn2041-420X
dc.identifier.elementsID555214
dc.identifier.issn2041-4196
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/20414196241277222
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23100
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSAGE Publications
dc.publisher.urihttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20414196241277222
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject4005 Civil engineering
dc.subject4016 Materials engineering
dc.subject4017 Mechanical engineering
dc.titleBlast wave ingress into a room through an opening – review of past research and US DoD UFC 3-340-02
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-07-16

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