Computational fluid dynamics and potential flow modelling techniques for floating photovoltaic systems: a systematic review

Abstract

Land availability constraints limit the installation of conventional ground-mounted solar installations. As a result, Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems are gaining popularity as an alternative to renewable energy generation. FPV consist of individual solar panels that are commonly symmetrical and modular. However, the hydrodynamic behaviour of FPVs in water surface waves is understudied to ensure their stability and optimal performance under varying environmental conditions. This literature review examines various modelling techniques applied in studying FPV hydrodynamics. Specifically, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers and potential flow theory solvers is investigated for their effectiveness in capturing the behaviour of FPVs and mooring dynamics under the impact of wind and waves. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of each approach. Findings suggest that a combined CFD-potential flow approach offers a perfect balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, offering valuable insights into the performance of FPVs. However, extensive research is notably absent in hydrodynamic modelling for large-scale FPVs. This lack of research represents a significant gap in our current study on multiscale FPV systems.