Phosphorus removal in surface flow treatment wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment: Global experiences, opportunities, and challenges

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorLyu, Tao
dc.contributor.authorHeadley, Tom
dc.contributor.authorKadlec, Robert H.
dc.contributor.authorJefferson, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorDotro, Gabriela
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T12:18:21Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T12:18:21Z
dc.date.freetoread2024-10-14
dc.date.issued2024-10-01
dc.date.pubOnline2024-09-03
dc.description.abstractTreatment Wetlands (TWs) are widely used for the treatment of domestic wastewater, with an increasing emphasis on provision of multiple co-benefits. However, concerns remain regarding achieving stringent phosphorus (P) discharge limits, system robustness and resilience, and associated guidance on system design and operation. Typically, where P removal is intended with a passive TW, surface flow (SF) systems are the chosen design type. This study analysed long-term monitoring datasets (2–30 years) from 85 full-scale SF TWs (25 m2 to 487 ha) treating domestic sewage with the influent load ranging from 2.17 to 54,779 m3/d, including secondary treatment, tertiary treatment, and combined sewer overflows treatment. The results showed median percentage removals of total P (TP) and orthophosphate (Ortho P) of 28% and 31%, respectively. Additionally, median areal mass removal rates were 5.13 and 2.87 gP/m2/yr, respectively. For tertiary SF TWs without targeted upstream P removal, 80% of the 44 systems achieved ≤3 mg/L annual average effluent total P. Tertiary SF TWs with targeted upstream P removal demonstrated high robustness, delivering stable effluent TP < 0.35 mg/L. Seasonality in removal achieved was absent from 85% of sites, with 95% of all systems demonstrating stable annual average effluent TP concentrations for up to a 30-year period. Only two out of 32 systems showed a significant increase in effluent TP concentration after the initial year and remained stable thereafter. The impact of different liner types on water infiltration, cost, and carbon footprint were analysed to quantify the impact of these commonly cited barriers to implementation of SF TW for P removal. The use of PVC enclosed between geotextile gave the lowest additional cost and carbon footprint associated with lining SF TWs. Whilst the P-k-C* model is considered the best practice for sizing SF TWs to achieve design pollutant reductions, it should be used with caution with further studies needed to more comprehensively understand the key design parameters and relationships that determine P removal performance in order to reliably predict effluent quality.
dc.description.journalNameJournal of Environmental Management
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to kindly acknowledge the financial support from 10 UK water utilities (i.e. Anglian Water, Dwr Cymru Welsh Water, Northumbrian Water, Severn Trent, South West Water, Southern Water, Thames Water, United Utilities, Wessex Water, and Yorkshire Water), the Environment Agency, and Irish Water, for funding to conduct this project.
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.identifier.citationLyu T, Headley T, Kadlec RH, et al., (2024) Phosphorus removal in surface flow treatment wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment: Global experiences, opportunities, and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 369, October 2024, Article number 122392
dc.identifier.eissn1095-8630
dc.identifier.elementsID553293
dc.identifier.issn0301-4797
dc.identifier.paperNo122392
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122392
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23012
dc.identifier.volumeNo369
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479724023788?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCombined sewer overflow (CSO)
dc.subjectFree water surface (FWS) wetland
dc.subjectTreatment marsh
dc.subjectGreen infrastructure
dc.subjectIntegrated constructed wetland (ICW)
dc.subjectNature based solution
dc.subject4004 Chemical Engineering
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4011 Environmental Engineering
dc.subject12 Responsible Consumption and Production
dc.subjectCombined sewer overflow (CSO)
dc.subjectFree water surface (FWS) wetland
dc.subjectGreen infrastructure
dc.subjectIntegrated constructed wetland (ICW)
dc.subjectNature based solution
dc.subjectTreatment marsh
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciences
dc.subject.meshPhosphorus
dc.subject.meshWetlands
dc.subject.meshWastewater
dc.subject.meshWaste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.meshWater Purification
dc.subject.meshSewage
dc.subject.meshWater Pollutants, Chemical
dc.subject.meshPhosphorus
dc.subject.meshWater Pollutants, Chemical
dc.subject.meshSewage
dc.subject.meshWaste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.meshWater Purification
dc.subject.meshWetlands
dc.subject.meshWastewater
dc.subject.meshPhosphorus
dc.subject.meshWetlands
dc.subject.meshWastewater
dc.subject.meshWaste Disposal, Fluid
dc.subject.meshWater Purification
dc.subject.meshSewage
dc.subject.meshWater Pollutants, Chemical
dc.titlePhosphorus removal in surface flow treatment wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment: Global experiences, opportunities, and challenges
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.coverageEngland
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-08-31

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Phosphorus_removal_in_surface_flow_treatment-2024.pdf
Size:
6.46 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.63 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download

Collections

Staff publications (SWEE)