We are not equipped to identify the first signs of cyber–physical attacks: emotional reactions to cybersecurity breaches on domestic internet of things devices

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dc.contributor.authorBudimir, Sanja
dc.contributor.authorFontaine, Johnny R. J.
dc.contributor.authorHuijts, Nicole M. A.
dc.contributor.authorHaans, Antal
dc.contributor.authorIJsselsteijn, Wijnand A.
dc.contributor.authorOostveen, Anne-Marie
dc.contributor.authorStahl, Frederic
dc.contributor.authorHeartfield, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorLoukas, George
dc.contributor.authorBezemskij, Anatolij
dc.contributor.authorFilippoupolitis, Avgoustinos
dc.contributor.authorRas, Ivano
dc.contributor.authorRoesch, Etienne B.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-24T15:27:27Z
dc.date.available2025-01-24T15:27:27Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-01-24
dc.date.issued2024-12-02
dc.date.pubOnline2024-12-18
dc.description.abstractThe increasing number of domestic Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our lives leads to numerous benefits, but also comes with an increased risk of cybersecurity breaches. These breaches have psychological consequences for the users. We examined the nature of the psychological impact of cybersecurity breaches on domestic IoT by investigating emotional experiences in a scenario study (Study 1) and a field experiment (Study 2) using the five emotion components of the Component Process Model (CPM) and emotion regulation as a framework. We replicated a three-dimensional structure for emotional experiences found in a previous study, with an addition of an ancillary fourth dimension in the second study. The first dimension represents emotional intensity. The second bipolar dimension describes constructive vs. unconstructive action tendencies. On the third dimension, also bipolar, cognitive and motivational emotion features are opposed to affective emotion features. The fourth dimension, labeled distress symptoms, mainly reflects negative emotions. In Study 2, most of the introduced frequent irregularities on IoT devices were not noticed, and the intensity of emotional reactions and tendencies to react in a constructive way decreased throughout the phases of the experiment. These findings reveal that we are not emotionally equipped to identify potential threats in the cyber world.
dc.description.journalNameApplied Sciences
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Commission, Dutch Research Council, Research Foundation - Flanders
dc.identifier.citationBudimir S, Fontaine JRJ, Huijts NMA, et al., (2024) We are not equipped to identify the first signs of cyber–physical attacks: emotional reactions to cybersecurity breaches on domestic internet of things devices. Applied Sciences, Volume 14, Issue 24, December 2024, Article number 11855
dc.identifier.eissn2076-3417
dc.identifier.elementsID561089
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.issueNo24
dc.identifier.paperNo11855
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app142411855
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23430
dc.identifier.volumeNo14
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11855
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectcybersecurity breach
dc.subjectIoT devices
dc.subjectemotions
dc.subjectcomponential process model
dc.subject46 Information and Computing Sciences
dc.subject4608 Human-Centred Computing
dc.subjectMind and Body
dc.subjectBasic Behavioral and Social Science
dc.subjectClinical Research
dc.subjectBehavioral and Social Science
dc.subjectMental Health
dc.titleWe are not equipped to identify the first signs of cyber–physical attacks: emotional reactions to cybersecurity breaches on domestic internet of things devices
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-12-13

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